414 



ARGYNNIS. By Dr. Th. Lehmann. 



neighbouring states in the East. Both sexes have the upjier surface brighter fulvous than in zerene, the black 

 markings standing out more clearly upon the ground; both wings with the basal area less obscured by fus- 

 cous, the roundish sjjots in the outer discal area uncommonly large, with the exception of the fourth on the 

 forewing and the upper four on the hindwing, which are relatively very small. Otherwise the upper surface 

 as in zerene. On both wings a double terminal line, the enclosed space brownish-yellow, separated by the 

 veins; the submarginal hmules connected with one another and with the inner marginal line. The median 

 spots on the hindwing united to form a broad, angled band. But nothwithstanding their similarity, the mar- 

 kings are much more characteristic, sharper and clearer. Under surface of the forewings pale ferruginous, laved 

 with reddish towards the base and along the inner margin; the apex purplish-grey, the end of the cell 

 mottled with yellowish. Hind wings purplish-grey, mottled with dark brown; termen dark-brown; submar- 

 ginal band pale, much encroached upon by dark shadows projected from the ground-colour on either side. 

 All the spots light buff, mostly without silver, only rarely marked with a few silvery scales. $ somewhat paler 

 than ^, the black markings heavier, the spots enclosed between marginal lines and lunules paler than the 

 ground. Under surface of the forewings bright red at the. base, the upper subajjical spots of the forewings 

 and the outer row on the hindwings always, the other spots on the hindwings occasionally, well silvered. 

 Expanse: S 2;6", $ 2,8". Common in the Yosemite Valley and other mountain localities of northern California, 

 ■purpuras- Oregon, Utah and Nevada. — A. purpurascens H. Ediv. is distinguished from typical monticola by the intense 

 cens. ptirplish lustre of the entire hindwings and the apex of the forewings. Rather common in the neighbourhood of 

 Soda Springs in northern California. 



rhodope. A. rhodope Edw. (87 c) may be regarded as the northern representative of the preceding species. ^ 



above fiery fulvous, both wings having the inner half heavily obscured with brown; the black markings very 

 heavy and confluent, particularly the median band on the hindwings. The outer border broadly black, slightly 

 interrupted by a fine pale brown middle line, as in atlanlis. Under surface of the forewings deep ferruginous, 

 the subcostal and discal areas and a part of the cell dull buff; Between the spots at the end of the cell 

 and the apex several bright straw-yellcw spots; the upper spots of the marginal as well as the apical series 

 generally well silvered. Hindwing deep reddish-brown from base to distal margin, somewhat paler on the line 

 of the usual submarginal band between the two outer rows of spots. The spots of the marginal row nearly 

 always brightly silvered, the others mostly pale straw-coloured, only rarely sprinkled with a few silvery 

 scales. 5 S'bove of a lighter and brighter red than (;J, with the submarginal fid vous spots paler than the ground, 

 and the markings heavy and broad, as in ^. The under surface does not differ from that of the cJ, except that 

 the forewings have the inner half deep cinnamon-red; the spots as in the c?. Expanse: <^ 2,2", 5 2,4". Origi- 

 nally described from 3 ^<^ 1 $ captured by Crotch in 1873 on the Eraser River in British Colombia, on 

 the road from Bates Village to Beaver Lake; later Morrison collected a series near Mount Hood in the 

 State of Washington (Elwes) and on Vancouver. 



sakuntala. A. sakuntala Skinner is closely allied to the preceding species as well as to monticola; but the mar- 



kings of the (J are not so intensely black as in rhodope, and the fulvous colour is less briUant. Underneath 

 the forewings i-esemble those of rhodope, but are likewise duller and paler. On the hindwing the submarginal 

 band very distinct, buff, not obscured by the dark brown ground-colour as in rhodope. The 7 sjDots of the 

 second (submarginal) row larger, and marked only inwardly with black, whereas in rhodope they are completely 

 surrounded by black. The outer submarginal lunules not silvered. Basal area brick-red, instead of reddish- 

 brown. $ like the ^, but jjaler, with the submarginal lunules on the under surface of the hindwings silvered. 

 Described from 4 (JJ* 1 § from Ainsworth (British Colombia) and Keslo. Types in the collection of the Academy 

 for Natural Science in Philadelphia. Gordon Hewitt has also captured it in the Canadian province of Al- 

 berta. Whether and in what way sakuntala is related with rhodope, or whether it is a species of its own, camiot 

 be decided at present from the available material. 



beJirensi. A. behrensi Edw. (86 c). Eoi'ewing narrow, moderately arched. (J above dull fulvous, with heavily 



obscured base and feeble markings of dull black. Forewings bordered by two very fine marginal lines enclosing 

 a series of quite small fulvous spaces separated by the nervules. The submarginal lunules as well as post- 

 discal spots reduced; otherwise marked like A. hesperis. On the hindwings the submarginal lunules large, 

 not touching each other, but the postdiscal row of rounded spots feebly developed, and the median spots 

 united to form an uncommonly fine, angled band, much as in hesperis. Under surface: Fore\\'ings pale fulvous 

 or^buff, the basal area and veins ferruginous, apex and termen <lark brown. The subapical and upper mar- 

 ginal spots well silvered. Hindwings dark reddish-brown throughout, nuich as in aphrodite, the submarginal 

 band beetween the outer rows of spots faintly indicated by a narrow streak of pale violet-brown. All the 

 spots distinctly and brightly, the costal margin near the base, and the abdominal margin but feebly silve- 

 red. The $ does not differ materially from the (J, except in the somewhat larger size and paler colour of the 



