422 ARGYNNIS. By Dr. Tn. Lehmann. 



Canada from Nova Scotia to Alaska: in southerly direction it extends from New England through New York 

 and New Jersey, and on the higher hills of the Alleghanies to Virginia and North Carolina. 



iriclaris. A. triclan's Hhn. {— ossianus Bsd.) (Vol. I, pi. 67 g) is by many authors treated as a form of A. aphi- 



rape, from which it differs in the clearer ground-colour, the fine, but very sharp black markings of the upper 

 side and the likewise distinct markings of the under surface of the hindwings which stand out very clearly 

 from the ground, rj above pale fulvous, with the base of the forewings and the inner margin of the hind- 

 wings densely dusted with black. The dark markings finer than in myrina, particularly the outer border quite 

 narrow, joining a series of sagittate spots. The median area of both wings with relatively large and very 

 regular rows of dots, vividly contrasting with the ground. The light spots forming the median band of the 

 hindwings beneath show through above lighter than the ground-colour. Under surface of the forewings fulvous, 

 shaded with ferruginous at the apex, the termen paler. Hindwings rusty-brown, with two bright yellow 

 spots near the base, a strongly curved median band and a patch of pale buff on the outer border at the middle. 

 All the spots without any silver. $ mostly paler than (^, the marginal spots enclosed between the lunules and 

 terminal lines very pale, often almost white. The postmedian row of black dots as in i^, very distinct, regular 

 and relatively large. On the under surface the markings of the hindwings are even more distinct than in the (J, 

 representing three sharply defined yellow bands of irregularly shaped spots, one near the base and one on 

 either side of the discal area. The round postdiscal spots of the upper surface reappear also underneath as 

 small ocelli, like the small marginal spots jjale yellow, very slightly silvered. Expanse: 5' 1,5", $ 1,6". The 

 early stages have not been studied in the American form, triclaris inhabits chiefly Ar-ctic North America (Labra- 

 dor etc.), but is also found, although more rarely, farther south among the higher mountains of the Rockies 



ossianus. in Colorado. — The common Labrador form has been described as ossianus Hbst., which is also known from 

 Arctic Scandinavia and Siberia as a very variable form of aphirape. The colour above is paler yellow than 

 that of triclaris; the markings of the under surface, especially on the forewings, sharper, with the terminal 

 spots larger, more distinct, yellow, slightly silvered. 



heletui. A. Helena Edn\ (87 e) appears closely allied to the Siberian form of A. selenis Ev., differing from it in 



the much paler ground-colour and finer markings of the upper surface. ^ above dull fulvous, heavily obscured 

 with blackish at the base of the forewings and on the inner margin of the hindwings. The black markings of 

 the upper side, especially the terminal border, much finer than in myrina. On the under surface the forewings 

 are pale fulvous, shaded with ferruginous at the apex. Hindwing deep brown-ochreous, with 2 — 3 small pale 

 spots at the base, a very sharply defined median band, composed of paler spots inclining to buff on the 

 costa and the end of the cell, and with a marginal row of rather small yellow spots. $ above very much as ^J, 

 only with the gromid-colour paler; the light markings of the under surface, especially of the hindwings, much 

 more conspicuous, bright yellow, standing out more prominently upon the dark groimd. helena is an alpine 

 species found in the Rocky ^Mountains of North America from New Mexico to Colorado and Montana. In the 

 South, in New Mexico and Colorado, it rises to elevations of about 12 000 ft. ; in Montana one meets it already 

 at 6500 ft. above the sea. It is a common species, rather subject to variation, especially in the intensity of 

 colouring and the distinctness of the spotting of the underside, helena was in 1899 captured by Young also in 

 Alaska, in the mountains between Forty Mile and Mission Creeks. These specimens are somewhat smaller than 

 tyi^ical helena, with the colouring rather less bright. 



montinus. A. montinus Scudder (87 f). ^ above fulvous, quite similar to A. chariclea 3', of which, according to 



some authors, it probably is a local form separated long ago, but with the ground-colour much dai-ker. 

 Under surface of hindwings deep ferruginous, marked with white lines and spots, the most characteristic of which 

 is a heavy white bar at the end of the cell, and a similar small spot at the base; a marginal row of white 

 spots, slightly silvered. $ very much like J, but larger, with the upper side paler. Exjianse: 1,5, $ 1,75". 

 montinus is found in the Eastern United States quite isolated on the desolate barren peaks of Mount Washing- 

 ton and the highest adjacent summits of the White Mountains of New Hampshire. Like the arctic flora 

 of its surroundings, it is probably a relic of the ice-age, being, as Strecker supposes, a possible descendant 

 of the arctic chariclea which through its long isolation was changed to the present distinct form. It resembles 

 most the Wyoming form of chariclea. 



chariclea. A. charicIea Schn. (Vol. I, pi. 68 c). ,^ above fidvous, the black markings heavy and both wings strongly 



obscured at the base with fuscous. Lhider surface of forewings pale yellow ish-fulvous, mottled with ferruginous 

 at apex and outer margin; hindwings purplish-brown, mottled with whitish-yellow, and traversed by a median 

 band of irregularly-shaped, pale yellow spots. Marginal spots as well as 2 — .3 basal dots white, sometimes 

 feebly silvered, but mostly with resinous lustre. $ differs from (^ in having the black markings, especially 

 of the outer margin heavier and darker, and the upper surface of both wings frequently heavily dusted with black- 

 ish ; on the underside the hindwings have the spots more distinct, contrasting more sharply with the ground- 

 colour. Expanse: ^J 1,5", $ 1,75". We have no description of the earlier stages, chariclea is a circumpolar 

 species of the far North, being found throughout Arctic Scandinavia, Russia and Siberia as far as Novaja 



