ARGYXNIS. By Dr. Th. Lehmann. 423 



Senilja, as well as in Arctic North America, from Greenland to New Foimdland and Labrador, advancing in the 

 West rather far to the south. Whereas in the Eastern Hemisphere it is rather local an<l not very abundant, 

 it is in America quite connnon among the highest summits of the Rocky Mountains, in Yellowstone Park, in 

 British Colombia and Alberta (near Banff and Laggan). It is rather inclined to variation: obscurata M. Luchl. ohscuraUi. 

 is, after A. polar i.9. probably the most northerly representative of the genus Anjynnis, being found in Griniicls 

 Land and on the adjacent islands up to the 80th degree of northern Latitude, whereas in Greenland near Port 

 Foulkc and Ivigtut on the south-west coast, and on the east coast between the 74, and 76. degree we meet 

 with var. arctica Zetlerstedt (Vol, I, pi. 6S b), which also occurs in Novaja Semlja, Another form, quite identical arrtlca. 

 with the Greenland form arctica. was captured by Young in Alaska, in the mountains between Forty Mile and 

 Mission Creeks, in July, together with A. pairs alaskei/sis Holl. and helena Edu\ — The form of Labrador and 

 the Rocky Mountains was described as A. boisduvali Dup. — arctica from Greenland deviates, according to its boisduvali. 

 author, both from boisduvali and typical specimens of the E^uropean chariclea in having on the under surface 

 ()f the hindwings the silvery sjiot of the median band in cell 4 uncommonly large, clear white, triangular and 

 produced distally to a sharp p(5int, reaching far beyond the silvery spot in 3, showing a complete analogy 

 with the Novaja Semlja form, — butleri Edw.. described as an aberrative form of arctica. is distinguished by hutlcri. 

 the darker colour of the upper surface and the uniformly fulvous outer half of the under surface of the hind- 

 wings. It flies together with the main form in western Arctic America (Kot:z'?bue Sound, (i7 — 08" X. L.) as 

 well as in Novaja Sendja. boisduvali Dup. was treated by Edwards and others as separate species, but is not 

 always easily distinguished from chariclea, chiefly by the darker ground-coloui- being more heavily obscured 

 at tile base and on the outer margin; on the underside of the hindwings the pale streaks are faintly suffused 

 with violet, and the median band is densely dusted with yellow-or reddish-brown. Expan-e: o 1.5", $ 1,75". 

 From Labrador to British Colombia and Alaska, 



A. pales Schijf. (Vol. I, pi. 67 i) is another circumpolar species, found throughout northern Europe pales. 

 and Central and Northern Asia, and discovered within recent years also in America (Alaska). Specimens from 

 north-eastern Alaska (69" 40' N, Lat, and 141 W. Long.) have in the (J the ground-colour bright fulvous, with 

 the black markings moderately heavy, the forewings dusted with fuscous at the base, the hindwing broadly 

 shaded with greenish -black as far as the apex of the cell and nearly to the anal angle. Both wings densely 

 clothed with hair in the inner half. Underneath it resembles eupales Fruhst. (Vol. I, pi. 68 b), in the uncom- 

 monly variegated markings of the hindwings. Forewings light fulvous, somewhat paler distally, with reddish- 

 brown dashes at the apex and ou the upper part of the termen, the black markings very faintly showing 

 through from above. Hindwings cinnamon-brown, marked with greenish-yellow spots at the base, a strongly 

 denticulate and deeply notched median band of yellowish-green colour, and the termen siniilarly shaded at 

 the middle and apex. The median spots of the upper surface reappear underneath in the shape of small black- 

 ringed ocelli ; the marginal spots and a few patches in the median and basal areas slightly silvered. $ rather 

 paler than j', with the black markings heavier and the greenish-black shading more extensive. Und(^r surface 

 as in (5, but the gaudy markings of the hindwings even more pronounced, the greenish bands and spots contra- 

 sting more sharply witli the darker ground. Expanse: 1,2". — A somewhat different form, from Central 

 Alaska, was described as ab, alaskensis Holl. (87 e). 1 ^ taken in July 1899 in the Clondyke District, among alaskensis. 

 the mountains between Forty-Mile and Mission Creeks. Differs from the northern form and from typical Euro- 

 pean pales in the extremely brillant colouring of the upper surface, with the markings very fine and almost 

 obsolete in the discal ai-ea. On both wings the black basal shading is much less pronounced, reaching at the 

 most the middle of the cell. Above it resembles most pales generator St<jr. from Central Asia; underneath 

 it quite agrees with normal pales. Expanse: 1,3". 



A. freya Thunberg (\'ol. I, pi. 6S c) has an enormous range of di.strihution, extending from northern frci/a. 

 Scandinavia through Russia and Siberia to North America, without varying to any extent. It is nowhere 

 scarce on peatbogs and in swampy meadows. Specimens from Yellowstone Park differ in no way from those 

 taken in Lapland or Siberia. But its range varies greatly as we go East : Whereas in Europe the species is 

 almost entirely confined to the Arctic Region, hardly descending below Latitude 59", its northern limits being 

 Lat. 70", we find it in Eastern Asia still between Latitude 50" and 60", and in North America it descends 

 at least to the 40th degree of N. Lat. (on the highest sunnnits of the Rocky Mountains in Colorado), its 

 northern limits being here about Lat. 64", on the Forty-Mile Creek in the Clondyke District (Youkg). This 

 may only be explained by the more or less similar climate and flora of the more southern ranges of the Rocky 

 Mountains, The upper surface of freya is pale fulvous, the forewings at the base, and the hindwings on the 

 inner half deeply obscured with fuscous. x\ll the markings very heavy. Under surface : Forewings very pale 

 fulvous, with the apex yellowish and mottled with rusty-brown. Hindwings ferruginous, shaded witli yellow 

 in the inner half, marked with pale yellow or whitish spots and dashes and a series of small terminal lunules, 



