47ti PSEUDONICA; TEMENIS. By Dr. A. 8eitz. 



Jamis. P. lamis Cr. (= laphria Godt.) (97 b). Upper surface without any markings brownish bhick, under 



surface honey -yellow, quite slightly strewn in dark; on each wing a straight dark streak runs from before the 

 apex to behind the middle of the inner margin, and before the margin there is an irregular dark line. 



32. Geiuus: Pseii«1oiliea Ky. {Nica. Hhn.) 



This genus likewise contains but one sjiecies, which had been first described by Godart as Nymphalis 

 flavilla, and been figured and placed in the genus oi N ica by Hubner. It is a little animal, almost unicolorously 

 honey-yellow, distributed in 4 forms over a great part of Central and South America. The markings on the 

 under surface show pretty much the same design as iji Peria. Head medivim-sized, palps strong, antenna of 

 more than half the costa-length, finelj' curled, at the end scarcely thickened. Cells of all the wings closed, those 

 of the forcMings rather broad. Margin of the forewings almost smooth, that of the hindwings scarcely undulate. 

 Nothing is known of its early stages. The butterflies fly single on forest-roads and like to rest with half-opened 

 wings on leaves close above the ground, 



jUivilla. P. flavilla Hbn. The Brazilian form has bright orange-coloiu-ed upper surface, brown margin of the 



hiiii(i<Tii. forewings. The markings of the under surface shines distinctly through to the upper surface. — lunigera Fruhst. 

 is the form from the utmost south of the range, Paraguay in the east and Peru in the west. Its forewings are 

 extensively bordered in black ; the black margin extends far into the anai angle. At the cell-apex a broad reddish- 

 brown transverse spot. The hindwings have above, at the margin, a complete chain of moon-spots distally bor- 

 si/ln-.^tria. clered in violet. — sylvestris Bat. (97 b) from Colombia and the Amazon has in the dark apex a little light dot; 

 cmithara. the under surface is less marked than in flavilla, but still more than in the fourth form canthara Dbl. (97 b) 

 from Venezuela and Central America, which is very fallowly ochreous and so faintly marked at the under sur- 

 face that the markings do not sliine through above. 



33. Genus: Teiueiiis Hhn. 



The little species sylphiii having been taken out of this genus and established in the genus of Bolbo- 

 neura, there are only 2 Temenis left one of which, however, has an extreme geographical variation. They 

 are medium-sized butterflies with wings of a lu)ney-yellow or hemochrome colour and are spread over the greater 

 part of tropical America. Head pretty stout with strongly protruding eyes, the palps long and strong, antenna 

 gradually thickened to a quite delicate clavolet. Thorax strong, abdomen very slim in the ^. The forewings 

 in one of the species are angled below the apex, in the other they are of a normal shape; the cellule is 

 very short, at the end broad and straightly clipped. On the forewing the fust subcostal vein branches off just 

 before the cell-end, the second close behind, the third, however, far beyond. The lai'vae are green with 

 a cordiform head bearing two long horns furnished with rosettes of accessory sj^ines; the dorsal spines are 

 reduced in number, somewhat irregular, those on the 3. and 11. segment thickened in the shape of a clavola; 

 the pupa is green with fine red markings and two points on the head ; the butterflies fly single, but are not rare. 



T. laothoe. This common butterfly varies a great deal, so that 16 forms have been named. It occurs 



iiberia. from Mexico to Paraguay and Peru. The most northern form, liberia F. (97 c), is above unicolorous of a dull 



hondurensis. orange colour, with a hardly darker apex of the forewings. — Slightly different from it is hondurensis Fruhst. 



from northern Central America; it resembles al.so the ariadne Cr., but the hindwings are la-iking the reddish 



distal margin, the apex of the forewings is of a pale reddish colour as in agatha, with a light apical spot before 



aijaiha. it. — agatha F., flying like liberia and hondurensis also in the West Indies has a more brown apex of the 



Columbiana, forewings. — coluiTibiana Fruhst. from Colombia approaches very much the Central American form, but it is 



larger than hondurensis, and the ochreous ground-coloiu- as well as the apex of the forewings are a shade darker, 



ariadne. especially also the under surface. — ariadne Cr. (= merione F.) is the longest-known form from Guiana, 



(Mollis, in \\hich all the forewings have a dark distal margin. — ottonis Fruhst. (= nierione Hbn. pt.) (97 c) has 



quite ochre-yellow wings in the (J, but the apex of the forewings i-; cut off by an oblique subapical band, the 



violefta. lower end of which runs along the distal margin to the anal angle; Surinam. — violetta Fruhst. (97 c) from 



Rio Waupes which occurs to the south as far as Bolivia, has broad blackish brown apex of the forewing and 



the 5 almost quite dark hindwings which are coloured in yellowish red only at their apical area. But in Bolivia 



flies also the ottonis-iorm with ochre-yellow hinch^ings in the o . — In the Amazon district fly furthermore the 



ytifudolao-^ forms pseudolaothoe Fruhst., forewings with broad dark apex like in laothoe, but the hindwings not dark, but 



vseudo- '^°^' y^'lo'^' '^'i*^' pseudoariadne Fruhst., in which the ground-colour is paler ochreous and more fallow, the apical 



ariadne. area of a duller colour, and in the $ the inner border of the dark apical area is quite slightly obtuse-angled. 



laoihoe.. This form was described from Obidos. — laothoe Cr. is the form having a blackish brown apex of the forewings, 



its inner margin being uniformly rounded, the forewing-discus of a bright yolk colour, the hindwings above 



preponderantly blackish-brown. This design of colouring very much reminds us of that of Epiphile lampe- 



hiibneri. thusa with which the species flies together in different places. — hiibneri Fruhst. (= merione Hbn. pt.) is simi- 



