486 EUNICA. By Dr. A. Seitz. 



Further to the interior, this distal projection of the apical area is absent; tlie apical area is distally not so dis- 

 tinctly delimited in black, the white band of the forewing much broader and more uniform. This form, which 

 especially comes from Paraguay and was imported in great numbers .several years ago, is the form figured in 

 rijiinini. Staudinger's ,.Exotic Day-Butterflies" and called eburnea (100 Ad) by Fruhstorfer. Specimens from 

 Petropolis, from the Orgel Mountains, are again somewhat different from specimens from Paraguay; near Rio 

 iiii/cit.". de Janeiro the species does not occur at all. Still further in the interior we then meet the gigantic form ingens 

 form. nov. (100 A d) which lies before me from Bolivia, where it was taken at altitudes of 7 to 800 m. — Like 

 most of the Eunica, margarita occurs only in certain years, is sometimes rare for a long period, till all of a sudden 

 it appears in great numbers. The larva lives on Sebastiana, in its early stages it unites little pieces of leaves 

 with faeces to a shelter, later on it is green with black head and white lateral stripe and rests with slightly 

 raised front and back parts, the horns on the head stretched forward. The latter are rather long, slightly curved 

 and furnished with single accessory spines. The lateral spines of the 4. to 10. ring are stunted to small points, 

 the dorsal spines to small white warts. Pupa green, slender, with short jjoints on the head and faint dorsal 

 ridge; it is fastened to the upper surface of the leaves and raises itself towards the light. 

 cab'ira. E. cabira (100 A e f). A very variable animal; ^J above very dark brownish-black with faint, dull blue 



reflection being only brighter in the sun. The $$ are below and above C[uite similar to the t^^, but from be- 

 hind the co.stal middle of the forewings, a very oblique narrow white band runs towards the margin above the 

 anal angle, the posterior part of which band dissolves in spots and is sometimes strewn with small brown grains 

 of dust, especially at the margins. Under surface reddish-brown, in the apex of the forewings mixed with whitish 

 shades, and with a large doubly pupilled eye below the centre of the inner margin of the hindwings. In the 

 same country there occur large and small, lighter and darker, below strongly and faintly marked specimens, 

 probably according to the altitude. Described from Venezuela. — Peruvian specimens with little wliite on the 

 under surface in the apex of the forewings, very deep-black discus of the forewings and very black-marked 

 !/rncha. under surface of the hindwings are gerwisa Friihst. (100 A f as gervisa). They presumably differ from tenebrosa 

 tSuiv. from Bolivia only by the latter having uniformly deep-black upper surface of the wings in the (J and 

 also their under surface being often so darkened that one can hardly any more recognize the characteristic 

 n'uuiUi. markings — a big double-eyespot before the apex of the hindwings and an angled median line. — ninetta Fruhst. 

 from Ecuador (not lying before me) has a blue reflection reaching further towards the margin on the upper 

 side, less black marked under surface of the hindwings, which has a brighter violet reflection in the centre. — 

 Iciirhriixit. Specimens that are, like tenebrosa Halv., said to come also from Bolivia, are above a little bit lighter brown, 

 iiltihii. especially in the distal area; they have been called editha Fruhst., but have neither below more white in the 

 apex than the Peruvians, nor do they lack the violet hue of the under surface of the hindwings which has, 

 cariaa. however, not so pronounced black markings as gerwisa. — carias Hen\ (100 A f), a common butterfly in Co- 

 lombia, is so nearly allied with cabira that it is hardly to be called a particular species. Here the forewings 

 are above in the distal half overflown with a bright golden-brown, their apex is below not white, but other- 

 wise the under surface is similarly marked as in cabira from Venezuela. The butterflies are common, especially 

 at mud-holes on the road, but local. 

 (,„„./;.,. E. amelia Cr. (100 B a). This species reminds us a great deal of orphi.se (100 B a) on the under surface, 



but is immediately recognizable by the strangely shaped wings: the costal margin of the forewings is considerably 

 shortened, therefore the margin of the wings does not run obliquely, but almost straight, and the inner margin 

 is nearly as long as the costa, the hindwings are very large, too. Mereover the blue reflection is characteristic, 

 being in the J" of a magnificent ultra-marine blue and covering the whole forewing up to the apical third which 

 remains black and has white fringes ; on the hindwing the blue reflection is in the basal part and the distal half 

 remains black, contrary to the most Eunica. amelia belongs, according to Felder, to the group of the smaller 

 aiiujvlii. amycia Godt. which, however, distinguishes itself by the median and submedian being not only thickened, 

 but expanded to a vesicle. The $$ are spotted white and have a row of beautiful eyes on the under surface 

 of the hindwings. The $ '^^ amelia has a very conspicuous long tuft of hair before the inner margin of the hind- 

 wings. 

 i,nirioi,r. E. taurione Hbn. (? = marsolia Godt.) resembles a small amelia, but the blue colouring occupies the 



whole basal two thirds of the forewings. The under surface is lighter and much less marked, especially the 

 /a.s((/u. eye-markings are much less developed. Brazil and Amazon. — fasula Fndt.st. are smaller ??; darker, the little 

 white spots on the forewings much smaller, the black margin more extended and the submarginal row of dots 

 of the hindwings more pregnant. From the Amazon. 

 orphUc. E. orphise Cr. (= tryphosa Hbn., castalia Hew.) (100 B a). The ^ is above black with a dull ultra- 



marine blue reflection in the proximal half of all the wings and grey fringes; without spots. In the $ the whole 

 upper surface is of an iridesceit steel-green, the forewing is white in the apical half, otherwise spotted black. 

 Tlie under surface pretty much resembles that of amelia. the hindwings are dark ruddle-red with a violet re- 

 flection; the markings are to be seen from the figure. The species seems not to be very rare and widely distri- 

 buted over the northern part of South America, from Guiana to Peru. Specimens from Colombia are larger 

 than those from the Upper Amazon, the blue reflection of the upper side reaches further to tlie margin, and the 

 under surface is more variegated by violet-white and metallic bluish-grey pruina. 



