504 DYNAMINE. By J. KoBEfi. 



C. Neither vv i t li reflection, nor with green band of the f o r e w i n g. 



C. carmen G-uen. Shape and contour of candrena (102 B g). Wings with blue basal siDot, of the same 

 shajse, but smalt on the forewings, with a green web above it changing with deep green on the wings; fore- 

 wings with interrupted fringes, with a fine subterminal line of pale green, anteriorly brightened by white; 

 hindwings with broad, very distinct subterminal band of greenish-blue changing off with golden-green. The 

 markings of the under surface are very distinct on all the 4 wings. Hindwings of somewhat dingy-white, the 

 ,, eights" pretty nnich like in candrena, tlie anterior ,, eight" without dots and comiected with the third Ime 

 by 2 black veiny streaks; red margin fine, but indistinctly broadened between the ,, eight" and the third 

 line. Under surface of the forewings bright carmine, delimited by a rounded black band being proximally 

 dentate. Apex with a green streak between the two white lines. Brazil. 



46. Genus: Dyitamiiie Hhn. 



This genus belongs to the series of forms of Limenitis what is proved not only by the structure of the 

 butterfly, but also by the shape of the larva and pupa. We have placed it here, because the great works on 

 exotics (such as Statjdinger-Schatz, Godman-Salvin), according to which the museums and collections are 

 mostly arranged, have placed it immediately after the Callicore; Kirby's Catalogue has the same arrangement. 

 Two groups ai'e distinguished by the veins, being also characterized by their exterior, but connected with 

 each other by intermediary forms. From the other genera of the Limenitis-gr oup, Dynamine differs by the 

 small size and, in the veins, by the 3. subcostal vein not running into the apex of the wing, but into the costal 

 margin; the 4. subcostal vein runs into the apex of the wing and the fifth into the distal margin. In one 

 part of the species the sexes are very similar to each other, in the other part, however, they differ greatly 

 above. The larvae also show the general type of the larvae of the Limenitis-gvoup, though they are more broad 

 than cylindrical, and the spines on the head are absent, what is easily explained by the habits of the larvae 

 preponderantlj' feeding on the pollen of the blossoms and inflorescences of Dalechampia; when penetrating 

 into the blossoms or buds with the head and the prothorax, spines or any similar formations at the head and 

 prothorax would only be an impediment. The spines of the body are transformed into short cones bearing 

 knobbed or plain bristles. The pupa resembles very much that of Limenitis. About 50 species of this genus are 

 spread all over the tropical parts of America, although their proper habitat is in the valley of the Amazon- 

 River where nearly 30 species are to be found. The habits of the butterflies totally agree with those of the 

 Adelpha-species, being the typical representatives of the Limenitis-group in South America. According to 

 P. Hahnel the butterflies fly on the banks of rivers as well as in the neighbourhood of human habitations and 

 in plantations, and are easily attracted by baits. When taken in the net by the collector, they display a very 

 excited, timid behaviour. According to A. Seitz the Dynamine-apecies have an elegant flight except the white 

 species having a peculiar jerking zigzag-flight wiiereby they differ from the exteriorly similar N ymphidium- 

 species (Erycinidae). They mostly fly in double a man's height, preferring shady roads in the woods and like to 

 rest on wet places of the soil. According to a letter from Mr. A. H. Fassl nearly all the species fly at an 

 altitude below 1000 m; the butterflies rest on wet places of the soil, but also on hedges and blossoming bushes 

 where also the $$ fly. The flight is similar to tiiat of Adelpha and Pyrrhogyra, i. e. rather quiet, similar to 

 that of Melitae. — ■ By the colouring of the upper surface two groups may be distinguished: sjiecies with a 

 white upper surface in both the sexes, and such with variegated upper surface of the (J^*, the latter group, 

 according to the markings of the under surface, being subdivided into species with eye-spots and into such 

 without. /. 



A. Upper surface white. 



agacles. D. agacles Dalni. (101 A a) from Southern Brazil has above and beneath nearly the same markings 



save that on the under surface the wliite markings in the dark margins are larger, and in the anterior 



core, part of the forewings there are verdigris markings. — core subsp. nov. from Colombia (Cauca Valley), presumably 



occurring also in Venezuela and Central America, has above and beneath narrower black bands with less 



white markings, and less verdigris colouring on the under surface. 



maeon. D, maeon DM. and Hew. (101 A a) from Brazil is rather large, has broad margin of the hindwings, 



divided by a white line, and a black median band of the hindwings. The (^ has greenish-blue gloss on the 

 basal area of the forewings, the 9 being without it. 



athemon. D. athemoti L. (101 A a) from Brazil is a little larger still than maeon from which it also differs by 



a broad white line of partition of the black distal margin of the hindwings as well as by the black median 



