Puhh li). VI. 1914. CALLIZONA; PYRRHOGYRA. By Dr. A, Seitz, 473 



it resembles the otherwise quite dissimilar long-tailed Hypna clyfemnestni . But it mostlj' flies a little higher 

 and likes to rest 2 — 3 m high on the trunks of trees, with closed wings and head downwards. I have never 

 seen it visiting a flower. — The larva is also to be found the most frequently of all the butterfly-larvae. It 

 is black with yellow spines, yellow transverse bands and yellow, mostly black-pointed horns on the head that 

 are not straight (as in Sepp's illustration), but sligjitly tortous. In another form — dircoides Sepp (97 b) ■ — iiinoidex. 

 which is said also to produce smaller butterflies, the front spines are not yellow and the lemon-yellow trans- 

 verse bands are missing. At first it lives gregariously on the Embauba tree and Cassia, but seems to drop down 

 very easily, for it is often found creeping on the road. The pupa is wood-coloured and resembles exactly a splinter 

 of the plank on which it is usually hanging. The front is quite straight, the head has two short points, but 

 the back of the abdomen has a number of jjrongs turned upward^, as if the small piece of wood the pupa 

 feigns to represent were splintered here. The butterflies are common; before sitting down on the trunk of a tree, 

 they often use to circle round the chosen resting-place for a long time. Kaye states that the butterfly is stridu- 

 lating when flying, like the ^greroHira-species ; I have never heard such a stridulation in Gynaecid. 



28. Genus: C'allixoiia DbJ. 



Very similar to the preceding genus, the larvae, however, with shorter horns on the head and pretty 

 short spines, the pupa with long antler-like appendages on the head, and on the back of the abdomen instead 

 of the splinter-like continuations there are short spikes; the butterflies have more obtuse forewings and rounded 

 hindwings, the latter without the straight distal margin and without the anal-lobe. From C!osta Rica throughout 

 Colombia to Guiana and Peru. 



C. acesta L. (97 a). Beneath almost like (Jynuecia dirce, but smaller and above orange-coloured with ncesta. 

 a similar oblique band of the forewings and little white spots before the apex. Central America to Guiana. 

 Specimens from the Upper Amazon were described as fulvescens Btlr. (97 a): their orange-coloured transverse fidvescrm. 

 band commingles here and there with the orange-coloured liase-half, and with latifascia Btlr. (97 a) from the kitifaficia. 

 more southern Peru (Chanchamayo) and Bolivia the oblique band is broader and lemon-coloured. — Larva 

 light green, often tinged yellowish, with light green lateral stripe, beneath darker coloured, head and spines 

 black; on cocoa (Theobi'oma). Pupa greenish-yellow, red-toned with branched wing-like continuations on 

 the head, small «hite points, green spikes and black markings. Not rare. 



G. Grouj) Epicaliidi. 



By far the most varied group to which most of the neotropical Nymphalidae belong. They show deci- 

 dedly the characteristic markings of the tropical American butterflies: bands and oblique spots of brilliant 

 metal blue, orange-colour or hemochrome on jet-black ground. There is hardly any retrogression noticeable 

 with respect to the spines of the larvae in comparison to the copious branched spines of the Vanessidi, Hypo- 

 limtmdidi or Gynaeciidi. In the germine Epic/ ilia there is a very remarkable sexual dimorphism prevailing; in 

 the Eunica and homogeneous species it is bj' far less, mostly only reflection in the (J, white spots in the $; 

 finally in the Catagramma and their homogeneous species, the Pyrrhogyra etc. it is almost totally missing. 

 The animals are absolutely tropical, and of the whole great number of butterflies belonging to this group, only 

 2 Eunica and one Callicore reach the very utmost southern extremity of the United States. Nor did I discover 

 near Buenos Ayres any more species, although in the forests of the hinter-land the last remainders of this bi'anch 

 of the Nympluilidae may still be found. 



29. Genus: P^'rrliojj.vra Hbn. 



The 6 — 8 species of this genus reaching from Honduras to Paraguay, which are, however, sometimes 

 missing even in woody districts *), are very similar to each other, especially on the UTider surface. Above the}' 

 are black with a white or light green subapical spot and a similar median band; the lower surface is prepon- 

 derantly white with broad dark distal margin and a hemochrome dark-edged line very characteristic of the 

 genus, smiounding the light iiuier part and often also the apical spot. 



Head strong with thick bare jirotruding eyes and strong palps sometimes prolonged like a nose. Antenna 

 thin, gradually quite slightly thickened. Bodj' tender, abdomen very slender. Wings broad, margin of the 

 forewings curved, of the hindwings dentated or undulated, in the centre angled. On the forewing the costal 

 and median are thickened at the base, but not properly inflated. Cells of all wings closed. 



The larvae are still very little known. Their spines bring them in close contact with Eunica, Temenis 

 and Epiphile; they have well and uniformly developed dorsal spines, but as much as is to be seen from the 

 illustrations, the lateral spines are less developed. The pupa shows the same peculiar attachment as that of 



*) As for instauci' near Rin dr .lantiio. 



