466 



CYSTINEURA. By Dr. A. Seitz. 



stalaMoi- 

 des. 



caedlia. 



emilia. 



V. cacica Sigr. is quite similar above, but the cell-wedge cut through before its apex, the oblique band 

 split up into 2 spots; spots before the apex, and between the median veins diffuse white spots; hind- 

 wing with vmiform light band. From Ecuador. 



V. stalachtoides Bates. A very easily recognized species, resembling a Stalachtis fhaedusa {])\. 143) 

 or Leucoikyris egra (39 b), or again a Pseudoscada exornata Hsch. (41 b). Tiie forewing is variegated with light, 

 dull yellow spots, the hindwing has transparent disc, black costal margin and, what is most striking, an orange- 

 red stripe before the black distal margin. From the Lower Amazon. 



V. caecilia Or. (95 c). Forewing with a broad, white, oval or band-like apical spot, white dtscal spot 

 and small whitish blue band, which cuts off the basal part of both wings. Hindwing sometimes with whitish 

 median band. From the Upper Amazon. 



V. emilia Cr. is quite similar to the preceding, but the large white .spots on the forewing are broken up 

 into smaller ones. The hindwing shows always beneath, often also above, a median band intersected by the veins. 

 Guiana and the Amazons. 



mariana. V. mariana Bates is quite similar to the preceding above, but has on the hindwing white marginal 



markings and fringes; the forewing is somewhat more strongly spotted with white, and in the apex itself stands 

 an obscure white line. The underside of the hindwing lacks the small white subbasal band, distinct in caecilia 

 and emilia. From the Upper Amazon. Rare. 



19. Genus: C-ystiiieiira 5s(Z. 



This genus is composed of 12 forms, 11 of which approximate very closely, but the 12th is remar- 

 kably different and both structurally and in habitus approaches an African species. The genus, at least as 

 concerns the first II forms, cannot be confused with any others, it consists of extremely delicate, broad-winged, 

 rather small butterflies, the forewing elongate with the costal margin straight, the distal margin long and the 

 inner margin either quite straight or even sUghtly concave. Noticeable in the neuration are a thick, ampulla- 

 like swelhng at the base of the subcostal, the very broad, closed cell of the forewing and the open cell of the 

 hindwing. The colouring, with the exception of the 12th species, which scai'cely belongs in the genus, is white 

 or grey with a somewhat orange tinge. Concerning the early stages nothing definite is known. The geographical 

 distribution extends from the most southern part of the United States to Paraguay. A correct separation 

 of the species and arrangement of their forms is attended with gieat difficulty and the intergrading of the 

 different forms leads us to suspect that we are only dealing with quite a few variable species, \vhich all vary in a 

 similar direction. 



liyperm- C. hypermtiestra Hhn. (= hersilia Godt. p. p., tokantina Bales) (115 e, 97 a under surface). Already in 



nestra. j^-^y ^^Lepidopterologischen Studien" (Zool. Jahrb. System. 4, p. 912) I have called attention to the extreme 



variability of this species, which was noticeable even among the numerous specimens which I took at the same 



place and almost at the same hour in Bahia. The (j^(J may be almost unicolorous grey above, but have mostly 



a rather broad light discal band across the forewing, which is widened below the cell and is continued on the 



hindwing, but considerably narrower. The under surface in the (J has mostly a rather weak ochreous tinge, 



principally in the distal area, and shows a white subbasal band on the hindwing, which is at least as broad as 



the discal band or even surpasses it. In the $ also the ochreous tinge of the under surface may be strong or 



weak. The species is only known from Bahia, where it flies throughout the year. — Further to the south, 



from Rio to Paraguay, flies a form with the apical part of the foi'ewing broadly orange-yellow, which 



apicalis. Staudinger calls apicalis and in which he aheady suspected a southern local form of Jiypermnestra. This form 



is figured at 115e as the last figure but one, but has by oversight been given the incorrect name bogofmia, while 



the name apicalis has slipped under the preceding figure, which represents a C. corviana. Of this local form, 



whose yellow colouring is subject to great variation in extent, Moultox now describes a further subvariety 



burchelli. from Brazil, which he calls burchelli. 



bogoiana. 

 cana. 



scmifulva. 



C. bogotana Fldr. in certain forms nearly approaches the preceding species, thus e. g. in the form cana 

 Erichs., which on the upper surface has like liypermnestra hardly any yellow and only differs from the dark- 

 dusted examples of the latter in its smaller size and darker margins and on the under surface in the considerably 

 narrower subbasal band of the hindwing ; other specimens again are almost entirely white, but nevertheless be- 

 long no doubt in the hogotana series of forms. But that semijulva Fldr. (97 a) can be specifically identical with 

 bogotana seems to me to be precluded by the fact that in addition to other differences the latter shows a narrow 

 subbasal band on the underside of the hindwing. Colombia and Venezuela. 



C. semifulva Fldr. (97 a), likewise from Colombia, has the basal half of the forewing and the whole 

 hindwing shot with dull ochre-yellow, the apical part of the forewing densely covered with white longitudinal 

 spots. Not rare. 



