460 HYPANARTIA. By Dr. A. SeitZ. 



us here are characterized by a tooth, mostly long, at the end of the npper median vemn. The apex of the fore- 

 wing in many species is exactly as in Pyrmneis, and the coloured bands on the wings in some species also show 

 the position of the analogous bands in Pyr. afalania. — The larvae are rather short and thick with short 

 fleshy spines and rough, but not horned head. They live until pupation in cases formed of leaves and change 

 after the 5th moult into smooth pupae with quite short conical horns on the head and strong saddle across 

 the middle of the back, somewhat compressed laterally with weak dorsal carination. 



leihe. H. lethe F. (= daemonica Hbn. (J, nee $) (94 b). Above tan-yellow, the apex of the forewing yellow 



and spotted with white; a rather straight transverse band runs from the end of the fu-st thnd of the costa to 

 beyond the anal angle ; it is separated from the more strongly brown-yellow disc by a faint black nebulous 

 streak. Under surface light ochre-yellow with red-brown reticulate markings, the costal part of the hindvving 

 lighter. Brazil, especially on the east coast, at Rio Janeiro, on the Corcovada, at Santos in the lowlands towards 

 Sao-Vicente, everywhere in the Serra do Mar, in Sta. Catharina, at Blumenau, particularly in moist valleys. 

 Northwards to Texas. — Larva very variable, at first blackish with small white dots, when full-grown nearly 

 white, before pupation becoming yellow; the spines after the moults white but most of them afterwards become 

 black, only one here and there remaining white. On Boebmeria in leaf domiciles. Pupa light-green, with dark 

 green oblique streaks and some silver spots. It is veiy mobile and even after a slight touch it keeps wriggling for 

 a long time. The butterflies fly over the forest-paths and rest on the branches of trees or bushes overhanging 

 the road, the head directed towards the road, mostly at a height of 2 — 3 m., in exactly the same way as the 

 'Old World Symhrenthia and many Polygonia. AVhen disturbed they persistently return to the same place or 

 settle on a neighbouring branch, so that they ca^n be caught without any difficulty. They sometimes leave 

 their posts of their own accord, fly rapidly several times up and down the road without quitting it and return 

 again to their resting-jDlaces. In South Brazil a large species of Mantis takes advantage of this habit and, con- 

 cealed by its leaf-like appearance, lies in wait at the ends of the branches and catches the butterfly; numbers 

 of examples of this species daily fall victims to it. The species is common. 



godmani. H. godmatii Bates (= atropos Flclr.) (94 c). Similar to the preceding, but quite considerably larger; 



the whole apical half of the forewing black, only quite at the apex sparingly spotted with white, not yellow. 

 Under surface quite different to that of the preceding, very brightly marked with white, bluish and yellow. 

 Mexico, through Central America to Colombia; not rare. 



bella. H. bella F. {= zabulina Godt., daemonica Hbn. $) (94 c). Likewise similar to leihe, not larger than the 



latter, the apical half of the forewing with 2 rows of spots, as in lethe, but these are white, not of the yellow 

 ground-colour. The under surface is quite different, recalling Pyrameis in the scheme of markings, the border 

 with a distint tooth below the apex, whilst m lethe the border of the forewing is quite feebly dentate or 

 only somewhat undulated and in godmani nearly straight, slightly crenulate. Very common in Brazil, at Rio 

 and Santo, habits and localities exactly as in lethe, so that the two species are mostly captured together. 



pauUics. H. paullus F. ( = tecmesia Hhn.) (94 c). Somewhat recalling a lia;ht coloured lethe or hella, but the black 



light-spotted apical part of the fore-wing is here entu'ely of the tan-yellow ground-colour, only dark-margined 

 and sparsely spotted with black; hindwing with 2 points. From the Antilles. 



kefersteini. H. kefersteini Dbl. (94c). Both wings strongly dentate, the hindwing almost tailed. Upper surface 



copper-brown, forewing without the yellow obhque band of lethe and bella, the apical part black, with bright 

 vitreous white spots. Venezuela, Colombia, parts of the Amazon region, and reaching as far as BoHvia. — In 

 lindigii. lindigii Fldr. (94 c) the forewing is less sharply angled, the apex not so strongly produced, the colour more 

 copper-red and the transparent white bands and spots in the apical part of the forewing are much enlarged, 

 producing a superficial resemblance to Anartia ainathea, which flies with it in the same districts (the north of 

 South America). This northern or western form seems to be considerably rarer than the more southern ke- 

 fersteini. 

 dione. H.d'wneLatr. (94c, d). This common form inchnes iii its superficial appearance towards certain Mega- 



lura species, as lethe does towards Pyrameis and kefersteini towards Anartia. Thus the hindwing is produced 

 mto a long point ; the upper surface velvety brown, with 6 or 7 parallel transverse stripes, between the metlian 

 veins a hyaline comma-shaped spot, and often in addition some small hyaUne dots on the forewmg, which lock 

 hke pin-pricks. Throughout the north of South America, distributed from Venezuela to Bolivia and mostly 

 not rare. It also occurs in Guatemala, although rarely. Between this locahty and Colombia, however, it seems 

 to be -wantmg and to be mostly replaced by the next species. 



arcaei. H. arcaei Godm. & Salv. (94 d), near the preceding species, as is already evident from the long point 



of the hindwing and the hyaline comma-spot in the middle of the forewing, and representing it in Panama, 

 where the true dione is wanting, arcaei, named after its discoverer Arce, is larger than dione and the forewing 

 has an orange wedge-shaped band m the distal third of the forewing. This is due to the fact that in the 

 haunts of arcaei the commonest Me.galura is not Megalura chiron, the model of dione, but a species of the M. 

 ^_ marceZ^MS group, which bears a wedge-shaped orange band beyond the middle of the forewing. Costa Rica and 

 Panama, apparently not common. 



