HYPANARTIA. By Dr. A. Seitz. 459 



P. carye Hhn. (= cliarie Bkh., muelleri Letch., caryae HoU.) (94 a). SimUar to the pre(-cding. as also carye. 

 on the under suriace, easy to distmguish by the liglit subapical band on the upper.side of the forewino-. which 

 in American cardui is indeed occasionally somewhat clouded, but in European nearly always quite puix- white, 

 never of the tan-yellow ground-colour typical of carye. The eye-spots on the hindwing, as in kersJiawi, pupillcd 

 with blue above also. — Larva blackish with small light spines and spots, on Malvaceae and thistl(>s'. ^Videlv 

 distributed, a true prairie butterfly, freciuentuig wide grassy plauis and resting M-ith closed wings tni heaps of 

 earth or prairie tracks. In North America more in the west, in hot regions (Mexico) preferring the highlands and 

 mountains, in temperate iSoutli America again descending to the plains, where I met with it commonly in Fe- 

 bruary near Montevideo. At Buenos Aires still common on corn-fields, in Patagonia often the only common 

 species; the larvae there sometimes in enornious numbers and when they become excessively abundant taking 

 to cannibalism (C. Berg). I took the species esp(H-ially in compaguy with the .South American form of Pyrameis 

 hunteiri. Northwards of South Brazil I no longer found carye in the i)lains. 



P. huntera F. (= hunteri Hbn.. belladonna Pet., iole Cr.) (!)4 a, b). This species, which occurs in the hunlera. 

 yellower form virginiensis Drury (94 b) in North America and on the (Palearctic) Canary Islands, may be at virgMensis. 

 once distinguished from the preceding by the two large eye-spots in the distal part of tlie hindwing beneath. 

 South American specimens in fresh condition are a wonderful rose-colour, especially those that I took in 

 Bahia and at Rio. In both places the butterfly flies together with Pyram. viyrlnaa, which it somewhat resem- 

 bles in flight, though differing in its smaller size and in having less black on the hindwing. These splendid 

 rose-coloured Brazilian specimens are sold under the name rubia S'gr., but the colour withstands the influence rubia. 

 of light very badly and soon changes to brownish, such as is show from the first by tyjiical huntera, hke those 

 I took on the lower La Plata. Old specimens in collections may even fade to such an extent as to resemble 

 the pale North American specimens known as fulva Dodge. — In braziliensis Moore, from Brazil, the black fidva. 

 spots on the upper surface are enlarged, so that the iiisects, especially when taken fresh, give a darker im- 1>ra3iliensis. 

 pression. — altissima Roscnh. lO. Talbot, from Peru and Ecuador, approximates to the preceding and hke them, aUissima. 

 has the black increased; the markuigs of the under surface white, not tinged with j'ellow; a mountain form. — 

 Larva iron-grey, with weak spines and black head ; on the back of each segment is placed a velvety black trans 

 verse spot, which bears red dots and small, light subdorsal spots. On Gnaphalium and Antennaria. The larvae 

 of the South American form I do not remember to have seen so brightly coloured as it is represented in 

 the figures of virginiensis given by Abbott, Bolsditval and Holland. The butterfhes fly much more slowly than 

 those of cardui and carye ; they are nearly always found only on flowers ; thejr do not favour the open steppes, 

 but places where there is luxurious vegetation, and in Brazil they are sometimes met with in clearings in the 

 middle of the primeval forests; m the hot districts they fly all the year round and are common. 



P. terpsichore Phil. (94 a). Similar to the preceding species and probably only its representative in terpsiclwre. 

 the trans-andine south west. On tlie hindwing above onlj' 2 separated ocelli, which are sharply cut off from 

 the little marked disc by a black curved stripe. Also the reddish-coloured disc of the forewing less spotted 

 than m the preceding. Beneath the bark-brown ground-colour of the hhidwing is transversed by an irregular 

 yellow median band, with silver-white spots and margins. Chile; common. 



P. myrinna Dhl. (94 b). Similar to the two preceding, but easy to distinguish by the straight, regular, myrinna. 

 deep black postniedian band of the hindwing. On the under surface this band is sepia-brown and encloses the 

 two large eye-spots. The ground-colour of the upperside is a magnificent rose-red (ab. incarna(a) so that the 

 insect is in life one of the most beautiful butterflies that I know, though specimens in collections give no idea 

 of it. Even in papers the colour fades in a few weeks after death, in set sjjecimens after only a few days, 

 and changes into the dull rose-colour which is shown in our figure. — Full-grown larva red-brown, with 

 small white transverse bands on the posterior part of the segments and a li,>.;ht lateral band below the spu'acles 

 and with black spines; on Achyrocline flaccida, the leaves of which it nibbles in order to sjim itself a 

 domicile from the chewed fragments. The pujia reddish white or with a dull yellow gloss, with washed-out 

 grey markings and more distinct longitudinal stripes on the back of the alxlomen and above the stigmata; the 

 tubercles blackish. The butterfly flies in Brazil and in a scarcely different form in Ecuador. Whether this form 

 is the aequatorialis Wa(jn.. which Wagner mentions as a ,, representative spe:ies of cardui" from Chimborazo, aequatoria- 

 but does not recognizably describe, or whether this is identical with the form of huntera. passing as hraziliensis, '*«• 

 or only a synonym of the preceding species, I cannot determine; Wagner only records it as a ,, still undcscribed 

 species" in his collection, without giving any precise distinctions. It would be well to strike out this ,,i. 1." 

 name entirely. 



12. Gomis: H.ypniiariin Ky. 



This genus was formerly made to include a number of African forms which, however, were afterwards 

 rightly separated by Rotuschild and Jordan as Anianartia and are dealt with under this name in vol. XIII, 

 p. 227 of the ,,Macrolepidoptera". It is so near to the preceding genus that many species, e. g. the small H. 

 (now Anianartia) ahyssinica, until quite recently oscillated between the two genera. The species which concern 



