534 LIMENITIS. By Dr. A. Seitz. 



caliiornica. band. Tlie typical hredotvi of Hubnee flies from Arizona througli Mexico to Guatemala. — californica Jitlr. 

 (109 f) is a species differing from bredowi by less violet coloured under surface, especially the bright violettish- 

 grey bordering of Arizona-specimens is at the distal margin of the median band on the hindwing nari'ower, 

 more subdued and often interrupted. The larva is said to live on oak-trees, according to Edwaed.s. 

 loniuiiiii. L. lorquinii B.sd. (109d). Similar to the j^receding as to the arrangement of colours, but the apical 



reddish-yellow does not form an isolated spot, but covers the apex itself; the white median band broader. — 

 The larva pretty much resembles that of 'weidetneyeri; on the second thoracal ring there are two appendages. 

 It seems to live on different trees. Holland mentions Prunus demissa, according to Edwards it lives on Quercus, 

 while Behr says that the butterfly is frecpiently found where Salix is growing on which it lives; there is, fur- 

 thermore, also the poplar-tree mentioned. The butterfly inhabits the Western United States, especially Cali- 

 carcni. furnia, being according to Behr in some places common and easy to capture. — eavesi Hy. Edir. is a foiin 

 occurring in California among typical specimens. 

 ((.■iluaiui.i: L. astyanax F. {= ephestion Stoll, ursula Godt.) (lU9e). Is often easily mixed up with the similar 



form 2»'oser'pma of artemis. The under surface like in the latter form, but without any traces of the white band. 

 Above black, in the distal part of the hindwings of a bright metallic blue. Distal margin and apex of the fore- 

 \\'ings with small white, often also orange spots. — Egg green, the network very strong and the small spines 

 on the nods strong and pointed. Larva, when grown-up, whitish, greenish or brownish, on the second ring 

 2 branched and thickened spines, and with incrassations on the back of the second and the last abdominal rings ; 

 on oak-, willow-, lime- and cherry-trees, gooseberries and bilberries etc. Pupa with rounded, but very much 

 projecting head and rather thick yellowish-brown dorsal secm'iform appendage; anterior part yellowish-brown 

 with darker wing-partitions, abdominal part of a dull white; it is on the whole more slender and anteriorly 

 darker than that of arthemis. The butterfly does not nearly vary so much as arthemis; of course, the blue of 

 an-ndcu. the hindwings may be very much increased and be occasionally extended on the forewings (ab. caerulea Ehm.). 

 By the atavistic occurrence of a white band there may also result great likeness with L. arthemis. Such .speci- 



alhojusckila. mens form the ab. albofasciata Newcomb. The species is rather common in many parts of North America, and 

 the $9 may attain an enormous size. The range extends from the Atlantic Coast to the Rockj^ Mountains, 

 and from Southern Canada to Arizona. To the south of this range, in Mexico, the animal ajjpears then agaui 

 in insular habitats, but very rarely seems to occur there. These specimens inliabiting the southernmost range, 



ari::oiicii'iis. arizoncnsis Edw., differ from the northern specimens by a brighter bluish lustre on the under surface and by 

 the absence of the small white spots at the apex of the forewings. The form thereby approximates in the aspect 

 of the upper surface still more the Vanessa cyanomelas (93 f), likewise flying in the Mexican mountains, and 

 is presumably just like them to be considered a superficial copy of the iDatented Papilio from the 6e^«.s-group, 

 many forms of which (such as cJialceus) are likewise black and jjosteriorly of a metallic green glimmer, inhabiting 

 the Mexican mountains; the more northern form, however, with white spots before the margin of the fore- 

 wing, joins the type of colouring of Papilio philenor, being also imitated by some forms in other groups of 

 butterflies (Arqynnis diana-'^, Papilio troilus, glaucus etc.). 

 arvlui>iiu^. L. archippus Cr. (= disippe Godt.) (109 f). Imitates Danais plexippus L. (Vol. I, table 28 c) and has, 



therefore, an appearance entii^ely different from astyanax. Reddish-yellow with black, w^hite-spotted mai'gins 

 and dark veins. The mimicry also extends as far as the under surface, and as an essential difference in the 

 marking there remains only a curved post -median line on the upjjcr surface of the hindwings, which is, however, 

 very differently develojoed, being sometimes black and thick, sometimes only indicated. It is missing altogether 



}j.si'I((IimI:>- in the form ab. pseudodorippus Streck. From Southern Canada and British Colombia to the South of the United 

 'huhtl' States. — hulsti Ed tv. (109 f) exhibits greatly diminished black markings, as well as the obsoleta Edu'., being 

 ohsoleta. hardly different and still lighter in the yellow tinge of the upper surface, appearing more as mimic of Dan. 

 ilorUlcnsis berenice (31 a). It occurs more in the West of the United States, in Utah and Arizona. — floridensis Streck. 

 (= eros Edw.) is the south-eastern form, from the^Golf States; it differs from typical archippus chiefly by the 

 dark reddish-brown colouring of the upper surface and is therefore probably often considered a species of its 

 own, because the larva is said to have longer horns on the second ring. — Egg bright green, almost .spherical, 

 larva whitish, with a dull green or leaden grey tinge and with dirty-yellow or green shades, venter and feet dar- 

 ker brown or olive. The second abdominal ring is thickened, whereby the dorsal securiform appendage of the 

 pupae is already indicated. The pupa itself greatly resembles that of astyanax, somewhat more slightly built 

 and of a duller colouring. The larva lives especially on poplar- and willow-trees, the butterfly is not rare. ■ — The 

 species approximates astyanax much more than we might suppose, owing to the totally different appearance 

 (being the result of the difference of the models); this near alliance is proved by the larvae, pupae, the habits 

 and observations of hybrids of the two species. 



B. N o n - m i m e t i c s p e c i e s. 



irciilniiei/r- L, weldemeycri Edir. (109 e). Above black with white postmedian band, behind which there is a row 



of white dots and, on the forewing, a white subapical demi-band. On the under surface of the hindwings the 

 basal half is divided into a great number of yellowish-grey cells by numerous black transverse streaks. In the 

 normal specimen the white band is in both the sexes rather of the same width, but it may also be aberratively 



sinefascM. reduced (= ab. sinefascia Edw.). — Larva whitish with green shades and spots, the ventral surface, as far as 



