Pnhl. IS. I\: 1916. CHLORIPPE. By J. Robbk. 545 



the costal margin of. the hindwings. Inner margin of the forewings with red strij^es. Surinam, Guiana. • — • 

 palliolata form. nov. was discovered near 01:»idos on tlie Lower Amazon. I only possess yet $$ with somewhat palliolata. 

 broader white area of the forewings than we figure it 104 a. ('ostal ]:)art of the upj^er surface of tlic hind- 

 wings without any traces of ruby-red spots, the hindwings being beneath without red basal streaks. — thearida thmriiUi. 

 siibsp. nov. (104 b as thearidas) is a geographical race of an enormous size of the wings, with more extensive 

 and lighter blue spots of the ujjper surface. The red spotting of the under surface more prominent than in 

 Obidos-specimens. Peru (Pozzuzo), type in the Coll. Fkuhstorfee; Bolivia. 



A. velutina Bates equals thearida Fruhst. (104 b) in size. Upper surface darker, of a more intense t-chitina. 

 steel-blue reflection and with smaller turc£Uoise-blue spots. Area of the androconium of the hindwings black, 

 with brown periphery. Under surface of a steel-blue lustre, with the exception of a dull black costal spot at 

 the cell-apex and of the median friction area. Hindwings just the same, though set with 6 ruby-red, sub- 

 terminal iutermedian maculae. Rare, Upper Amazon. 



A. arete, a relatively common species, replaces A. aretlnisu in Central and South Brazil, as well as in 

 Paraguay. The turc|uoise-coloured spots of the upper surface somewhat bluer, the oblique band of the $ nar- 

 rower than in arethusa, the androconium of the hindwings narrower, preponderantly of a greyish black, the 

 friction spot of the under surface of the forewings not like in arethusa proceeding beyond the posterior median. 

 $ always with three light ruby-red costal spots of the hindwings. Under surface of the ,^(^ black with a grey 

 biightening distal from the cell-apex and the rudiments of a blue transverse band standing in a steel-blue median 

 area of the forewings. ^ at the same place with a white band, hindwings with tln'ee red basal sjDots as in are- 

 thusa, and 6 red antemarginal spots varying in size according to the locality. — ortygia snbsp. nov. Habitus nrfi/gia. 

 smaller than that of arete. ^J beneath witli obsolete red basal and submarginal dots of the hindwings. $: white 

 oblicpie band of the forewings of a {Jurer white and es23ecially distally much more extensive than in arete and 

 alpheios. Hindwing above more neatly speckled in blue. Under surface: the submarginal row of red maculae 

 extends from the anal angle to the costal margin, while in arete and alpheios it terminates already between 

 the inner margin and the anterior median. Bahia. — arete Dbl. according to von Boenningh.\fsen occurs arrle. 

 frequently near Rio de Janeu-o and Petropolis. Under surface of the $ with paler and larger red antemarginal 

 spots than in alpheios. The territorial form from Paraguay and Southern Brazil is introduced here as alpheios aljtlicios. 

 suhsp. nov. (104 a). The white oblique band of the $$ narrowed, divided into its single parts by broader 

 black veins. The submarginal red dots of the under surface especially in the Paraguay-form considerably redu- 

 ced in size. — The larva of Ageronia arete alpheios bears 2 stiffly projecting horns on the head, furthermore 

 3 pail- of longer and apparently 4 pair of shorter spines on the central segments. The pupa's long horns are 

 rumiing parallel, contrary to A. amphinome aegina Fruh.st. 



L. Group Apaturidi. 



This group has very nearly the rank of a subfamily. The geographical range has been dealt with in Vol. I. 

 p. 100; as for the move detailed characterization cf. Vol. IX. p. 695. In the Etliiopian fanna there are eventually the 

 Apafuropsis (likewise with open wing-c.41). wliich might be nearly allied to the Apaturidi. Tliis genus, however, contains . 

 such rare species that nothing at all is known about the larvae and but very little about the butterflies. — In order to 

 characterize once more cjuite shortly the ijrincipal peculiaiitits of the Apaturidi, we mention that the butterflies are excellent 

 fliers, having open wing-cells, the larvae being rough, but without spines, instead of which they have posteriorly two points 

 and at the head two protuberances that may be developed either as straight or bent horns, or as secondarily lirauehed, 

 small clubs, or as antlers, or as leaves being ramous at the margin; the puija is lattrally compact, with a distinct dorsal 

 carina, generally consisting as if of green opaque glass: it is mostly fastened to a leaf or stalk and generally needs but 

 a short time for its development. The butterflies are fond of the woods on the broad roads of which they fly vrp and down, 

 taking their food; they shun treeless, cultivated disUicts. The chief nourishnrent of the larva seems to consist of tree-like 

 tirticaceae, such as beltis, and where they do irot occur an>anore, of poplars or willows. The (Jo often exliibit the blue 

 reflection which varies according to the exposiu'e, and to which the groui) owes the denoiuinatiorrs: reflecting-butterflies, 

 changeant etc. (A. SEITZ.) 



55. Genus: Clilorippe Bsd. 



The American reflecting-butterflies are distributed from Mexico and the Antilles to Ai'gentina. They 

 partly have a more magnificent blue reflection than the palaearctic reflecting-butterflies (Apatura), there even 

 occurs a marvellous green reflection ; in another j^art the reflection is more unobtrusive and in some species 

 it is absent altogether. The Chlorippe-,^^ are partly very common, while their $$ are just as rareh' observed 

 or even unknown. The American reflecting-butterflies often differ from their palaearctic allies in their 

 exterior by cornered forewings and long-stretched hindwings, being sometimes j^rovided with pretty long caudi- 

 form points. As to the veins there is no constant difference from the palaearctic species. A slight difference 

 in the structure of the body is exhibited by the broadened forelegs of the cj(^. Chlorippe is therefore also 

 often considered only a subgenus of Apatura. The larvae of the Brazilian selina, lauretta and kallina greatly 

 resemble those of the European reflecting-butterflies and have the same habit of resting on the upper surface 

 of the leaves, while their pupae have larger and smaller points and dents on their back and are, therefore, of 

 a rather odd shape. The larvae, as much as is known, live on Celtis. — According to H. Fruhstorfee 

 (i. 1.), the clasping-organs of the outer male genitals have the broad valve of the Apatura-gm\\]i, but the saccus 

 as well as the penis are shorter than in the other forms of this group. The uncus is, about like in the Ageronia, 

 V 09 



