.WAEA. By J. llnvAiJi. 581 



We (uui l)y no incaus ;it'tii-iii tlia.1 llicsc conditions are fully cleared uj), tor ot many , .species" only one sex 

 is known; it is, therefore, no( inilikely that by the result of future invest i,tj;at ions several ..s]iecies" will 

 have to be abolished. The varial)ility is also extremely grc-at in many species in both sexes; according to 

 ^^everal authors there occur in one and the same species forms with a ])lain or protracted apex of the fore- 

 wine^, a straight or curved distal margin, a sti'aigiit or more or less deej^ly indented proximal margin of tiu' 

 forewing, with sm.ooth or angled or even tailed hindwings. Thus it is in many cases very difficult to define 

 sharply the single species, so that even authors having abundant material at their disposal (e. g. (). ST.xrniNCKK) 

 were not alile to discern whether certain s])eciniens were to be regarded as deviating sj)ecimens of a species oi' 

 as representatives of another species. As we have of most of the species no abundant material at our dis|)()sal. 

 which miglit contribute to the clearing up of these questions, we must confine ourselves to the a])|>roval of 

 the statements of other authors. In the following discussion of the spi'cies we shall, therefore, c'hiefly follow 

 file revision of the genus An.itcii by Herbert Druce published in (lie year ls77. 



.\ccording to W. Mueller, the larvae live on Piper oI)li(pnnii, i'i|n'r robrii, Ncctandra vaga-. ( Joeppcrt la, 

 hirsuta, C'amphoromoea litsaeifolia and Croton (staminosus '.' maci'obotiys V); (hey a,re slender, in (he anterior 

 third somewhat thickened and have small short horns on the head; they live in cases which they construct 

 by rolling up a leaf. The pupae are short and stout, of a shape similar to tha.t of ('hnraxe.s ja.siii-:. A. \\. 

 F.-VSSL discovered the eggs, larvae and jjupae of several species; (he eggs arc globular, smoothly shelled, and 

 of a light colour. 



Dr. Skitz also i-cpints in alrtlci- aliout lln- ^IriWiiiL; l]ii]|..i;iral rcsiaiililain c nT Aiiiira willi tip- |i.ilar.u . I ii' (Iki- 

 ni.ns: ..Xnl (|uite a fortiiislit allcv ha.viiit{ (aivlulh oll^.l ivcil the (imni.ns jasiiis on lli,' hanks nt the Tajo. 1 came aimss 

 tlic Aiiiicii in Brazil already on my first exiau-siun, ami I was quite sin|iriseil .H Ihe sti-ikinj;- lioiiioseneoiisnt ss in the 

 Ijohaviour of these two genera. The mere nimliliir.;. shaking flight of an Aiidni ilashiie.;- off (the so-called ..rnshint;" lliL^ht ) 

 is exa.c(.ly like that of a r7i«ra.iv.s- after whirh one has struck in vain. It. scarcely reseint)les the partly flutteiin'^. iiartly 



dan'.;linn- flin'ht noticed in hoth of them i>n makint; lln-ir i-cconnoilrinii eN]ieilit ions, whin tlii-y leave their lookout Iry 



hranehes or leafless posts in order to fly aliout for a short while, (jnite nmoinn is I lie \say in which Aimed and CIki- 



ra.rcx often rest on the under surface of thick, leafless branches of t.rees. .\lso tie- \\ini;s hein.ii generally unite or almost 

 closed and being often intermit tently oi)ened hut quite slightly (so that, one may .just yieeji into theui). are liaidly met 

 in iiny A\ijiiiiiliaridac of other grou])S and (|uite im|)ossible in \'(iiii't<s(i. /'/'(v/.s-. Ajidliira. lAidnill'is, Agcroiiki etc. 1 never 

 saw a Cldd-d.vcs or Aiidcd with its wings s|)read out as seen daily in IIm- S uiiijihdrnldr, and the two always kc-pt at an 

 attitudes just to be reached yet with the net, mdess they were forced down li> hiniger. jioth are ( haracterized by a certain 

 awkwa.rilness and unwie!<liness in spile of all lliiir strength and swiftness, whereli\ they i ont.rast remarkably wilh (lie 

 most graceful Apatiird and just those oilier X i/iiiiihdjiddc with which they agree in t In' siiliaulour of the reflection ini tin- 

 wings, as for instance the Calut/rauinid, Mi/HtrUa, iVc.s.soca etc. I was exlri'mely struck also by the resting Anaea as well 

 as rAam.rcA- raising the forewings strangely far out from the closed hindwings. t'n fortunately I was not able to see whether 

 in the Anaea. this is called forth l)y the (excision of the wings at the proximal margin, the liook at the posterior angli' 

 attaching itself on behind the hiudwing. Slill it is nniarkable that this excision of the wings is t'oiuid also in some CIki- 

 ;v/.iTv (such as liehas) cWid that the inoriiholagical resuils liy which Kkctkh. was indin ed to ]ilaic Cldini.refi and Aidiea 

 ( losciv together, are confirmed by biological observations. 



In open spaces in the woods where one has once observed .t;i((C(/, one may be certain to meet some more specimens 

 of the same species: they are mostly met at the same spot of the clearing, often I'Vcii at tli- same tree, just like in ('ld(- 

 rd.res." 



According to A. Seitz. the behaviour of (he sjiccies « i( h a. leaf-like iindei' siiria.ce shows (ha( they are 

 well a.ware of this protection, for they rest on thi' branches in such a. way thai th(\\' show soh'ly their inider 

 surface, whereby they become similar to their surroundings and are thus not conspicuous; other s])ecies 

 without this protection of the under surface keep — though rarely — their wings o|ien in sitting. The Anaea 

 arc ])art]y common and widely distributed, others are confined to small districts wheic (hey a.re not rare, others, 

 however, widely distributed and everywhere scarce. Mr. A. H. Fassl wiott- (he following statenuMits about 

 the occurrence and habits of single s])ecies: Atiuea inhabits in the groups of xeiiorles^ pkirlili', (irtacticwi, (/Idiicc. 

 I>:iii<iristc the hot zone below loot) m, whereas t/essus, tijrinntliiiKi, nesea. litdii. imiefis, Ihicntd. pii.-iibithi. jxili/.a) 

 are decidedly mountainous animals, occurring mostly about 2000 m. At the highest elevation (2000 m) 1 cap- 

 tured nioeri'i and rovae. The AiinrK come to the bait, l)ut less to places near brooks; but sometimes J also 

 took (hem on the exudation of daiiiaged trees. 'I'hc flight is, at least in (he (ailed foi'ins, somewhat limping, 

 bn( radicr swift. The $V of imiKifisle and its allies imitate the Lyancne flying (|ui(e similarly and slowly 

 like (hem (also like tiieir other imitators I'rotiHjoiti'US, Papilio bncclm.s and ('nshiiit ■shiriilinis); but if (lu'V are 

 piu-sued, they immediately begin with a tearing p-Ace like the Kyniplnilidde, and then (of comse mostly too 

 late) one only knows what butterfly it was in fact. — Paul Hahxel says: It is a special peculiarity of the 

 Anxea to rest not so nnich on leaves, Imt preferably on branches and small twigs, particularly on (hose 

 with dry leaves, where they aic (hen splendidly masked by their dark, k-af-like inider surfaces, 



A. troglodyta F. (J17d) fiom .la.niaica and Hayti is knoA\'n to us only in the male sex. iieneatli frn,i/n,hji,, 

 it is monotonously grey compared wi(h cubana Snlv. (117 d) having benea.( h a great deal of greyish-black cuhdidi. 

 marking. The violet reflection of ln><i/o<l ijtii is absent in rubnu'i. — astinax Cr. from the Island of St. Thonnis dsihdi.r. 

 is a fiery-red form with broad black marginal and median markings; in (he anal angle of the hindwings 

 there is a large black spot; the tails are long. — Whether portia F. ( I 17 d) from .famaica. and Florida is to be porlid. 

 considered as a form of troglodyta or as a proper species, we must leave inidecided. On the under surface both 

 the grey ground-colour and the red colour on the ])osterior part of the forewings are darker than in twghxiyta. 

 — andria Scndd. (117 e) from the United States, for instance Oklahoma, ((he s|)eciinens before us were cap- dddrid. 



