FISHES OF THE FAMILY LORICARIIDE., 259 
12. XENOCARA STIGMATICA. 
Ancistrus stigmaticus Figenm, & Eigenm. Proc. Cal. Ac. (2) ii. 1889, p. 48; Occ. Pap. Cal. Ac. i. 
1890, p. 446. 
Depth of body about 5 times in the total length, length of head 24-23 times. 
Head 15-1§ times as long as broad and twice as long as deep. Diameter of eye 
S—10} times in the length of head, length of snout about 14 times, interorbital width 
23-2} times. Length of mandibular ramus 13-1% times in the interorbital width. 
Snout with tentacles. Interoperculum armed with 20-30 spines, the longest 4-5 times 
in the length of head. 25-24 scutes in a longitudinal series, 7 between dorsal and 
adipose fin, 11-13 between anal and caudal. D. I 7, the first ray 3-3 the length of 
head, the last, when laid back, separated by 1 or 2 scutes from the spine of the 
adipose fin; length of base of dorsal equal to its distance from adipose fin. A. I 3 
(rarely I 4). Pectoral spine extending to middle of ventral (in adults). Caudal 
obliquely truncate, the lowest ray about # the length of head. Caudal peduncle 
23-2} times as long as deep. Olivaceous, with light spots on head and body; fins 
blackish, sometimes with light spots, sometimes an indistinct dark spot at the base of 
the first interradial membrane of the dorsal. 
Total length 175 mm. 
Fifteen specimens from the River Mogy-guassu, about 250 miles inland of Santos, 
Brazil, a locality intermediate between those from which Eigenmann has recorded 
this species, viz., San Matheos and Goyaz. 
7. PSEUDACANTHICUS. 
Rinelepis (part.) Cuv. & Val. Hist. Nat. Poiss. xv. p. 479 ( 1840). 
Hypostomus (part.) Cuv. & Val. t. c. p. 489. 
Pseudacanthicus Bleek. Ned. Tijd. Dierk. i. 1863, p. 79. 
Chetostomus (part.) Giinth. Cat. Fish. v. p. 240 (1864). 
Hemiancistrus (part.) Eigenm. & Eigenm. Proc. Cal. Ac. (2) ii. 1889, p.43, and Occ. Pap. Cal. Ac. 
i. 1890, p. 417. 
This genus is distinguished from <Ancistrus by the structure of the mouth, the 
premaxillaries being much shorter than the dentaries and very firmly united, their 
teeth forming an undivided series. Scutes of the nuchal region small and numerous. 
D.18. A.15. Vertebre 54+8-+16 (in P. serratus). 
R. Amazon; Guiana. 
In all the species the supraoccipital lacks a distinct ridge, the supraorbital edges 
are slightly raised, and the interoperculum is armed with some strong spines. The 
head, body, and fins are rough, covered with short spines; each scute of the body has 
a median series of 2-6 stronger spines, which increase in length to the last. ‘The 
lower surface of the head and the abdomen are naked. An adipose fin is constantly 
present. 
