168 THE AMERICAN CHARACIDAE. 
Caudal with 3 to 5 scales on the base of each lobe. Anal sheath short, 
of 3 scales covering the base of the first 6 anal rays. Lateral line with pores 
developed on about 7 scales. 
Origin of the dorsal equidistant from the snout and caudal, penultimate 
ray one third of the longest which is 3.5 in the length. Origin of the anal on 
the vertical from last dorsal ray. Anal deeply emarginate, the longest ray 
about 1.25 in the base. Base of ventrals on the vertical from the second scale 
in front of the dorsal. Ventrals just reaching anal. Pectorals just reaching 
ventrals. 
A diffuse, round or somewhat vertically elongate, humeral spot. A dark 
lateral stripe, heaviest behind the origin of the anal, but not reaching the base 
of the caudal. No caudal spot. A black line at the base of the last anal rays 
not continuous with that at the base of the first seven. Dorsal, caudal, first 
seven rays of the anal, and first two or three rays of ventrals dusky. Seales 
of the back dusky, each often bearing a single black spot. 
23. HEMIGRAMMUS CUPREUS Durbin. 
Plate 20, fig. 3. 
Hemigrammus cupreus Dursin MS. E1cenMANN, Rept. Princeton univ. exped. Patagonia, 1910, 3, p. 436 
(Amazon). 
Hasirar.— Amazon. 
Specimens examined. 
Number of 
Catalogue number specimens Size in mm. Locality Collector 
20952 Cotypes 11 42-53 Jatuarana Navez 
21069 Cotypes 6 32-35 Silva, Lake Saraca Thayer 
Head 4; depth 3-3.75; D. 11; A. 20-22; scales 5 to 7-30 to 33-3 or 3.25; 
eye 2.9 in head; snout 1.25 in the eye; interorbital slightly less than the eye, 
3 in head. 
Compressed; depth of head at the base of the occipital process 1.25 in the 
greatest depth. Preventral region rounded, without complete series of median 
scales. Predorsal region rounded, with complete series of 9 median scales. 
Occipital process 6 in the distance from its base to the origin of the dorsal, 
bordered by 3 scales. Interorbital convex. Frontal fontanel narrower than 
the parietal, triangular, one half the parietal without the occipital groove. 
Second suborbital having a narrow naked margin below but not behind. Snout 
moderately long; mouth large; lower jaw protruding beyond the snout when 
