174 THE AMERICAN CHARACIDAE. 
mmmmm. Teeth strong, simply conic or tricuspid, and in the latter case of large 
size; maxillary with three cusps. Caudal spot continued on the 
middle rays but not to their tip. D.11; A. 19; scales 33. 
17. stigmatias Fowler. 
jj. Humeral and caudal spot both developed. (See also minimus and poeciloides). 
n. Fourteen or more scales in a vertical series, dorsal profile very convex. 
Maxillary with five small stout teeth. Humeral spot oval, not 
surrounded by a bright border. D. 11; A. 27; scales 7-35-6. 
18. robustulus Cope. 
mn. Less than fourteen scales in a vertical series. 
o. Lower part of caudal peduncle dark, the upper part of the peduncle 
light; second suborbital broad, in contact or nearly in contact 
with the preopercular limb. 
p. Third anal ray extending to the base of the last ray. The dark 
spot on the caudal peduncle diffuse, covering little more than 
the lower half of peduncle; the part above the spot iridescent; 
maxillary with one to three, 3- to 5-pointed teeth; humeral 
spot obscure, round. D. 11; A. 22; scales 5-34-35. 
19. melazonatus Durbin. 
pp. ‘Third anal ray not extending to the base of the last ray. Entire 
lower two thirds of caudal peduncle very black, no iridescence 
on the peduncle; humeral spot obscure much elongated verti- 
cally. Maxillary with five to seven very narrow conical and 
tricuspid teeth. D.11; A. 17 to 20; scales 6-33 to 34-4. 
20. eos Durbin. 
= oo. Caudal peduncle symmetrically marked; second suborbital leaving 
a considerable naked area on the cheek. 
q. Caudal spot not continued forward, not continued on the 
middle caudal ray; humeral spot faint. Maxillary much 
shorter than the eye, with one broad 7- or 8-pointed tooth. 
Lateral line often interrupted, complete or incomplete. 
D. 11; A. 24 to 26; scales 6-32 or 33-4.5 to 5.5. 
21. inconstans (Kigenmann). 
qq. Caudal spot continued forward and backward usually to the 
tip of the middle caudal rays. 
r. Second suborbital leaving a naked margin behind and below. 
s. Anal rays 20 to 22. (See also luitkeni). Humeral spot 
obscure; maxillary with two, 3- to 5-pointed teeth. 
Depth 3; head 3.6; D. 11; scales 5-324. 
22. santae (Higenmann). 
ss. A. 19-23. Humeral spot obscure; maxillary with two 
small tricuspids and one conical tooth. Depth 3.5- 
4 equal to the head; scales 5-6 + 2444. 
23. meltae Kigenmann and Henn. 
sss. A. 23. Maxillary without teeth; mouth large; D. 12; 
scales 5-34-3. Middle caudal rays dark, a dark 
lateral band, no distinct caudal spot. 
24. agulha Fowler. 
ssss. Anal ray 20 to 26. 
t. Maxillary with one tricuspid tooth; mouth large. 
Humeral spot often obscure; lower lobe of the caudal 
hyaline; distal third of the anal dusky. D. 11; A. 
22-26; scales 6-33 to 36-5 or 6. 
25. anisitsi (Higenmann). 
ut. Maxillary with two, 7- to 10-pointed teeth. Humeral 
spot distinct, vertically elongate, margined in front 
and behind with light. Caudal spot not always reach- 
ing the end of middle caudal rays. Depth 2.3 to 2.6; 
head 3.7 to 4.4; D. 11; A. 20 to 26; scales 5 or 6-30 
10 'BO—#Ori'b: 5 saeriamarene cs 26. litkeni (Boulenger). 
