ORDER PASSERES. 279 
GENUS PIPILO VIEILLOT. 
Pipilo Virritot, Analyse, 1816, 32. Type, by monotypy, ‘‘ Pinson aux 
yeux rouges, Buff.”” = Fringilla erythrophthalma Linn xvs. 
Pipilo erythrophthalmus (LINNvs). 
RanGe.— Eastern North America from southern Canada to the 
Gulf coast. 
a. Pipilo erythrophthalmus erythrophthalmus (Linn#us). Towhee. [587.] 
Fringilla erythrophthalma Linnzus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 189. 
(Carolina.) 
Rance.— Eastern North America. Breeds in Transition and Upper 
Austral zones east of the Great Plains from southeastern Saskatchewan, south- 
ern Manitoba, southern Ontario, and southern Maine south to central Kansas 
and northern Georgia; winters from southeastern Nebraska, the Ohio and 
Potomac valleys (casually New England) to central Texas, the Gulf coast, and 
southern Florida. 
b. Pipilo erythrophthalmus dlleni Cours. White-eyed Towhee. [587a.] 
Pipilo alleni Cours, Amer. Nat., V, Aug., 1871, 366 (note). (Dummitt, 
20 miles south of New Smyrna, Florida.) 
RanGE.— Coast region from about Charleston, South Carolina, south- 
ward, including Florida. 
Pipilo maculatus SwWAINSON. 
RancEe.— Western North America from British Columbia and 
southern Saskatchewan to the highlands of Guatemala. 
a. [Pipilo maculatus maculatus. Extralimital.] 
b. Pipilo maculatus arcticus (Swarnson). Arctic Towhee. [588.] 
Pyrgita (Pipilo) arctica Swainson, Fauna Bor.-Am., II, 1831 (1832), 
260, pll. 51, 52. (Carlton House, Saskatchewan.) 
RanGeE.— Great Plains and Rocky Mountain region. Breeds in Transition 
and Upper Sonoran zones from southern Alberta and Forks of Saskatchewan 
south to west central Montana and northwestern Nebraska; occurs in migra- 
tion in western Wyoming and northeastern Utah; winters from eastern Colo- 
rado and southern Nebraska to southern Texas; casual in Illinois and Wis- 
consin. 
