ORDER PASSERES. 281 
b. Pipilo fuscus mesoleicus Barrp. Cafion Towhee. [591.] 
Pipilo mesoleucus Barrp, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., VII, 1854, 119. 
(Bill Williams Fork [= Big Sandy, just south of Lat. 35° N.], Arizona.) 
RancGe.— Breeds in Upper Sonoran Zone from west central Arizona and 
southeastern Colorado south to northeastern Sonora and western Texas. 
c. Pipilo fuscus albigula Bairp. San Lucas Towhee. [591a.] 
Pipilo albigula Barrp, Proce. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1859, 305. (Cape 
San Lueas, Lower California.) 
RancGe.— Cape Region of Lower California, north to latitude 29°. 
Pipilo crissdlis (ViGors). 
RancGE.— Pacific coast from southwestern Oregon to northern 
Lower California. 
a. Pipilo crissalis crissalis (Vicors). California Towhee. [591.1.] 
Fringilla crissalis Viaors, in Zool. Beechey’s Voy., 1839, 19. (California, 
probably San Francisco or Monterey.) 
Rance.— Upper Sonoran valleys and foothills of southwestern Oregon, and 
of California from Shasta County south to Santa Barbara, Kern, and northern 
San Bernardino counties. 
b. Pipilo crissalis senicula AnrHony. Anthony’s Towhee. [591.1a.] 
Pipilo fuscus senicula ANTHONY, Auk, XII, April, 1895, 111. (San 
Fernando, Lower California.) 
Ranee.— Southern California south of the San Bernardino Mountains and 
on the Pacific side of Lower California south at least to latitude 29°. 
Pipilo aberti Barrp. Abert’s Towhee. [592.] 
Pipilo abertti Barry, in Stansbury’s Rep. Exped. Utah, 1852, 325. (New 
Mexico.) 
RaNnce.— Lower Sonoran Zone from southeastern California, 
(Colorado River Valley and Desert), southern Nevada, and south- 
western Utah to northwestern Sonora, southern Arizona, and south- 
western New Mexico, and south, at least in winter, to northern Lower 
California. 
