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Stuvei, LespeJeza capitata, Lespedeza violacea, Lespedeza hirta and 

 Lespedeza striata or Japan clover, are all valuable grazing plants. The 

 last named is an introduced plant and has been treated at length in an- 

 other place. It is believed that the indigenous varieties found in America 

 are equally as valuable, though probably lacking in the diffusive qualities 

 of Japan clover. All the native species are found growing on dry soils 

 and in barrens, though they are not averse to good soils. 



Tick trefoil, beggar's ticks, beggar's lice. There are sixteen species 

 of tick trefoil growing for the most part on uplands and siliceous and 

 sandy soils of the State, though a few cling to the limestone soils and to 

 rich woods. These furnish a large bulk of the pea vine forage found in 

 uncultivated regions. They enrich the herbage of all the natural pasture 

 lands of Tennessee. 



The wild "clovers" are numerous and nutritious. Among the best 

 are several species of the Petalostemon and the Trifolium genera. Leafy 

 prairie clover (Petalostemon foliosus), Buffalo clover (Trifolium re- 

 flexum), white clover (Trifolium repens), and black medick (Medicago 

 lupulina) are all valuable forage plants. 



The Psoraleas supply good food for cattle. This genus prefers up- 

 lands and open piney woods. Psoraleas melilotoides, for instance, is 

 quite abundant in the open, sandy woods of the southern counties of West 

 Tennessee. It is a vigorous perennial with stout, deeply growing roots. 



Ground nut or wild bean (Apios tuberosa) grows wild in the woods 

 in various parts of the State, generally in low grounds. It has subterra- 

 nean shoots bearing tubers which are greatly sought after by swine. It 

 grows with a climbing vine and its flowers are a brownish purple with a 

 faint odor of the violet. It bears legumes from three to five inches long 

 which contain from eight to ten seeds. Dr. Gattinger thinks this is one 

 of the wild leguminous plants that ought to be introduced into cultivation. 



The wild kidney bean (Phaseolus perennis) is a very common plant 

 in every part of Tennessee. It grows in woody places. It has slender 

 climbing stems and scimitar-shaped drooping pods with four or five seed 

 each. It forms one of the valuable wild beans of the wooded pastures. 

 Another species of this same family is the long stalk kidney bean (Pha- 

 seolus helvolus) which grows on sandy soils. The stalks are several 

 times larger than the leaves. One single plant makes a large quantity of 

 herbage for stock. 



Slill another member of this family is the creeping kidney bean (Pha- 

 seolus diversifolius) which grows in the cedar glades with a prostrate 

 spreading stem and supplies valuable forage for hogs, sheep and cattle. 



There are several wild peas that are held in high esteem by those 

 who depend during the summer and fall months upon the woodland pas- 

 tures for carrying their stock. The best are: The Virginia butterfly pea 

 (Centrosema Virginianum). the milk pea (Galactia mollis), the smooth 

 milk pea (Galactia glabella), and the butterfly pea (Clitoria Mariana). 

 All these produce foliage and fruit that are eaten by cattle. 



The hog peanut (Amphicarpaea monoica) grows on rich soils and is 

 a common plant in the wooded lands around Nashville. The herbage is 

 good for cattle and the subterranean nuts for hogs. 



