1900 SUPPLEMENT—RECENT INTRODUCTIONS, &C. 23 
Zecidium—continued. 
in a very complex life-cycle of such genera as Uromyces 
and Puccinia. This, however, has not been proved in 
regard to all the reputed species of this form-genus. An 
excellent example of this Acidium-form is to be found 
in the Barberry Rust (#. berberidis), which is seen upon 
the common Barberry and other species in spring, as well 
as upon the allied genus Mahonia, in the form of bright 
orange-yellow spots on the leaf-blades, stalks, as well as 
less frequently upon the flowers and the berries. Later 
they give rise to the purple, brown, and, finally, almost 
black spots on Wheat and other cereals, and known by 
the name of Puccinia graminis. Nearly a hundred years 
ago the fungologists of the time thought there was a 
connection between the two, but it is only within compara- 
tively recent years that the life-cycle has been worked 
out by the late Professor De Bary. This destructive 
fungus is not restricted to Wheat and other cereals, but 
is also found on several species of ornamental and other 
grasses; hence the specific name (graminis). Both uredo- 
spores, or summer-spores, and teleutospores exist, the 
former being differentiated from the latter by being one- 
celled instead of two-celled. The summer-spores are the 
means by which the area of infection is spread, and the 
teleutospores (or final spores), those by which the fungus 
is tided over the winter, to develop again as soon as the 
conditions are favourable in the spring. The grain and 
straw are both rendered useless by this fungus, which is 
difficult to cope with, as even if there are no Barberries 
or Mahonias in the vicinity of the Wheat the rust-fungus 
has been proved to exist. 
' Other ANcidium-forms occur in species of Abies; one, 
elatinum, being very destructive, and responsible for 
the extraordinary malformations found upon Silver Firs, 
kmown as Witches’ Brooms. The needles of such infested 
trees are sickly-looking, and only last one season. Some- 
times, too, the extraordinary branch growths proceed from 
a large, gouty swelling. Yet other species affecting 
Firs are #. pseudocolumnare, in the needles of several 
species of Abies, notably on A. pectinata; and Al. stro- 
bilinum on cones of Spruce. For further information 
upon Pine Fungi, see Pinus. 
ZIGERIA TIPULIFORMIS. This is an old name 
for the Currant Clearwing Moth (Sesia tipuliformis). 
ZEGICERAS. Syn. Melaspinza. This genus is 
monotypic. The correct name of A?. fragrans is A. majus. 
ZEGILOPS (of Linneus). 
(which see). 
ZEGINETIA. A synonym of Bouvardia (which see). 
ZEGIPHILA. Sywns. Manabea, Omphalococca. This 
genus embraces about thirty species, natives of tropical 
America, from Brazil to the West Indies and Mexico. 
7S. grandiflora. The correct name is Clerodendron grandi- 
Jlorum. 
ZEGLE. Golden Apple. This genus embraces two or 
three species of spiny, stove trees, natives of tropical 
India, Java, and tropical Western Africa. Flowers 
white, hermaphrodite, rather large; calyx small, four- or 
five-toothed; petals four or five, oblong-lanceolate, 
spreading, imbricated; panicles axillary, few-flowered. 
Berries large, very hard, with edible pulp. Leaves trifolio- 
late; leaflets slightly crenulate, pellucid-dotted, mem- 
branous. A. Marmelos is known in India as the Bael-tree. 
4#®. sepiaria (hedge-loving). The correct name of Citrus tri- 
Soliata, Syn. C. triptera. 
ZZGOCHLOA. Included under Gilia (which see). 
ZZONIA (name not explained by author). Also spelt 
@onia. Orv. Orchidew. A small genus (four or five 
species) of stove Orchids, natives of Madagascar, and 
closely allied to Angrecwm. Flowers racemose, shortly 
pedicellate ; sepals and petals sub-equal, free; lip sessile 
at the base of the column, produced into a spur at base; 
A synonym of Triticum 
Honia—continued. 
column very short; peduncles lateral, simple. Leaves 
distichous, coriaceous. Stems not pseudo-bulbous. The 
following species is the only one calling for mention 
here. For culture, see Angrecum. 
#&. polystachya (many-spiked). jl. like those of a small 
Brassayola, but spurred; sepals and petals whitish or greenish ; 
base of the lip green; racemes numerous. J. ligulate, bilobed. 
1889. Syns. Angraecum Kimballianum, A. polystachywm. 
ZZONIUM. Included under Sempervivum (which 
see). 
AERANTHUS. This genus embraces about three 
species. Flowers often solitary, rather large, pedicellate ; 
sepals erecto-patent, free; petals similar to the dorsal 
sepal, but smaller; lip produced into a spur-like process; 
column very short. Leaves distichous. To the species 
described on p. 31, Vol. I., the following should be added. 
See also Mystacidium, and for culture see Angrecum 
(to which this genus is allied). 
A. brachycentron (short-spurred). This scarcely differs from 
A. grandijlorus. 
A. Grandidierianus (Grandidier’s). A synonym of Angrecum 
Grandidierianum. 
A. Leonis (Leon Humblot's). 
blotii. 
A. ophioplectron (snake-spurred). A synonym of Angrecum 
ophioplectron. 
A. trichoplectron (hair-spurred). jl. white, solitary, axillary ; 
sepals lanceolate, acute; petals linear, acute; lip broad, nearly 
conchoid at base, acuminate at top ; spur long, filiform ; peduncle 
one-flowered. February. J. 5in. long, 4in. wide, soft, linear, 
bidentate at apex. Madagascar. 
AERIAL. Growing inthe air. 
that appear above the ground. 
AERIDES. These lovely plants are best grown under 
stove or hot-house treatment. They require a liberal 
amount of moisture both at the roots and in the atmo- 
sphere, during the growing season. Under cooler con- 
ditions, while the plants are at rest, only sufficient 
moisture is needed to maintain the foliage in a plump 
condition. Though usually classed as suitable for pot- 
culture, many Aérides are dwarf-growing, and possessing 
a compact habit they are better adapted for baskets, 
in which they may be easily suspended near the roof- 
glass. The most suitable kinds for this purpose are 
A. affine, A. crassifoliwm, A. Lobbii, and the A. maculosum 
section. If these are removed to the brighter, cooler, and 
drier conditions of the intermediate house during the 
resting season beneficial results will be derived; this 
especially applies to A. crassifoliwm, which is usually 
a somewhat shy flowerer. Under the above conditions 
this difficulty is overcome. To the species. described on 
pp. 31-3, Vol. I., the following should be added: 
A. ampullaceum (flask-like). A synonym of Saccolabiwm 
rubrum. 
A. Augustianum (Auguste Linden’s).* fl. light rose-colour, lin. 
to lin. long ; lip three-lobed, the side lobes faleate, rounded or 
nearly truncate above, the front lobe much longer, with crenulate 
margins, slightly bilobed &t apex; racemes arching. J. 6in. to 
7in. long, 1{in. broad, dark Beat bilobed at apex. Philippine 
Islands, 1890. (G. C. 1890, f. 36; L., t. 210.) 
A. Ballantinianum (Ballantine’s) A variety of A. suavis- 
simum. 
A. Bernhardianum (Bernhard’s). /l., side lobes of the lip 
overlapping each other, the front lobe covering both in front ; 
raceme having the appearance of that of A. i uinauariieenie 
u. narrow, strap-shaped. Borneo, 1885. A distinct and fine 
species. 
A. Brookeii (I. d. 8. 151; P. M. B. ix., t. 145) is identical with 
A, crispum. 
A. Burbidgei splendens (Burbidge’s splendid). /l. rich 
urple; side lobes of the lip ochre, spotted with brown; tip of 
The spur ochre, 1885. 
A. cornutum (horned). A variety of A. odoratum. 
A. Ellisii (Ellis’). A variety of A. virens. 
A. Emericii (Emeric Berkeley’s). fl. pale pink, with darker 
tips to the perianth segments and pape mid-lobe of the lip, 
numerous, sin. in diameter; perianth segments short, incurved, 
with rounded tips; lip funnel-shaped, passing into the stout, 
A synonym of Angraecum Hum- 
Aerial Roots are those 
