42 
THE DICTIONARY OF GARDENING, 
Amasonia—continued. 
éin. long, crenate-serrate, oblong, dark green above, pale 
beneath ; petioles 2in. to din, long. South America. A small, 
slender, sparingly-branched shrub. 
A. e. latebracteata (broad-bracted). /., bracts orbicular, lin. 
long, shortly petiolate, remotely denticulate. 1895. (B. M. 7445.) 
AMATUNGULA. Sce Carissa grandiflora. 
AMBERBOA MOSCHATA. A _ synonym of 
Centaurea moschata (which see). 
AMBLOSTOMA (from amblos, blunt, and stoma, a 
mouth; in allusion to the form of the pollinia). Orp. 
Orchidee. A small genus (three species) of stove, epiphytal 
Orchids, one Brazilian, another Peruvian, and the third 
Bolivian. Flowers small, shortly pedicellate, racemose, 
disposed in a slender, rigid panicle. Leaves narrow. 
A. cernuum (Syn. A. tridactylwm) is in cultivation at Kew, 
but is not often seen elsewhere. 
AMBLYANTHERA. A synonym of Mandevilla 
(which see). 
AMBLYGLOTTIS. A synonym of Calanthe (which 
see). 
AMBLYOLEPIS. 
(which see). 
Included under Helenium 
AMBROSIA BEETLES. See Apple - Bark 
Beetle. 
AMECHANTA. A synonym of Agarista (which 
see). 
AMELANCHIER. Syn. Aronia (in part). The four 
species of this genus are natives of South Europe, Asia 
Minor, Japan, and North America. To the species 
described on p. 63, Vol. I., the following should be 
added. See glso Peraphyllum. 
A. alnifolia (Alder-leaved). Dwarf June Berry. /. numerous, in 
dense racemes. jr. dark purple, globose, sin. in diameter. 
Z. roundish, blunt or notched at both ends, serrated towards 
the apex. h. 6ft. to 8ft. North-west America, 1888. An orna- 
mental shrub. (G. and F. 1888, i., p. 185, f. 34.) 
A. Botryapium (Botryapium). A synonym of A. canadensis. 
A. canadensis oblongifolia (oblong-leaved). jl. white, 
shortly-racemose, borne in great profusion. The last variety to 
blossom. 
A, oligocarpa (few-fruited), . white, jin. in diameter, on 
long pedicels, solitary or in pairs, rarely three or four in 
araceme. jr. dark bluish-purple, obovate or shortly oblong. 
t. oblong, acute, crenulate, glabrous. hk. 2ft. to 4ft. Eastern 
eae States, 1888. A bushy tree. (G. and F. 1888, i., pp. 245-7, 
AMERICAN BLACKBERRY. See Rubus 
villosus. 
AMERICAN BLIGHT, or WOOLLY APHIS 
(Schizoneura lanigera). Despite the greater attention now 
given to fruit-trees by the cultivator, this insect continues to 
increase. And little wonder, considering how readily the white 
cottony “‘ particles,” together with the insects, are wafted 
by the wind, and the rapid methods of increase. The 
greatest number are to be found in neglected orchards, 
where trees are left for years “to take care of them- 
selves.” They are not, however, confined to such, for new 
plantations of young trees are also attacked. The insects 
generally take up a position in the crevices of the bark, 
on shoots both large and small, as well as on the 
foliage. The bark in bad attacks splits, and soft spongy 
growths are present. After a while these quite break 
down, exposing a vital part of the tree to injurious 
wound fungi. Hence it is that canker caused by 
Nectria ditissima is so freqaently found. Woolly 
Aphides also attack the roots, and cause considerable 
injury if they are allowed to go on unmolested. At one 
time it was thought that the root-feeding specimens 
were somewhat different from those infesting the por- 
tions of the tree above ground. Such, however, is not 
the case. Roots attacked by the pests are frequently 
covered by large warty growths. 
The insects’ presence above ground is readily told by 
the woolly material which issues from the dorsal pores. 
This serves as a shelter for the pests, and especially 
American Blight, or Woolly Aphis—continued. 
stands them in good stead in winter. Woolly 
Aphides are brown in colour with the exception of the 
wingless egg-producing, dingy-yellow females, which are 
produced by the winged females. The eggs are deposited 
singly in cracks and crevices of the tree; but the insects 
rely not alone on this means of increasing, for there 
are individuals which as larve live through the winter, 
and then produce their young alive. It is these which 
one finds when dressing the trees in winter. 
It is not an easy matter to deal with Woolly Aphides 
except on low-growing trees. The best insecticide in 
summer is Calvert’s Carbolic Soft Soap (loz. to gall. 
of soft water). This should be made warm, and directed 
with some force with a garden-engine. Another good 
recipe is soluble petroleum, 1 wineglassful; water (warm), 
lgall.; soft soap, llb.; with the addition of a handful 
of lime. Care must, however, be taken to keep the trees 
free from extraneous growth like lichen. To prevent 
this, and also to kill the Aphides, some cultivators spray 
on (in winter only) the following mixture: 1b. caustic 
soda (Greenbank’s 98 per cent.) and 4lb. crude potash 
dissolved in 5gall. of water. This must be used with 
care, or the hands will suffer. Stout gloves should always 
be used. So much for the tree above ground. For the 
root-feeders a wash made with the carbolic soft 
soap above recommended will prove beneficial, first re- 
moving the soil. This, too, should be performed in winter. 
All prunings should be carefully taken away and burnt. 
See also p. 63, Vol. I. 
AMERICAN KIDNEY-BEAN TREE. 
Wistaria frutescens. 
AMERIMNON. Bentham and Hooker include this 
under Dalbergia (which see). 
AMETHYSTEA (from amethystos, the amethyst; in 
allusion to the colour of the blossoms). Orp. Labiate. 
A monotypic genus. This species, A. cwrulea (B. M. 2448), 
is a hardy, erect annual. For culture, see Annuals. 
A. cexrula (blue). jl. blue, small, eymose; corolla scarcely 
exceeding the calyx; cymes pedunaaiars, lax, racemosely 
panicled. July. Jl. petiolate, three- to five-parted ; segments 
oblong-lanceolate, incised-toothed ; floral ones smaller. hk. lft. 
Temperate Asia, 1759. (B. M. 2448.) 
AMIANTHEMUM. Included under Zygadenus 
(which see). 
AMICIA. This genus embraces four species, natives 
of the Andes, from Bolivia to Mexico. Flowers yellow, 
rather large, in short, axillary racemes, rarely solitary ; 
bracts and bracteoles broad. Leaves abruptly pinnate ; 
leaflets usually two pairs, obovate or obcordate, exstipellate ; 
stipules usually large, deciduous. 
AMISCHOTOLYPE. A synonym of Forrestia 
(which see). 
AMMOCHARIS (from ammos, sand, and charis, 
love; the species are found in sandy ground). Syn. 
Palinetes. Ord. Amaryllidex. A monotypic genus. The 
species is a greenhouse, bulbous plant, requiring similar 
culture to Brunsvigia (which see). 
A. falcata (sickle-shaped). /. brightred, fragrant, twenty to forty 
in an umbel; perianth funnel-shaped, with a stout, cylindrical 
tube sin. long, and six equal, ascending, oblanceolate-unguiculate 
segments; peduncle lateral, 6in. to 12in. long. Winter. J. 
bifarious, lorate, spreading, lft. to 2ft. long, produced before the 
flowers. Bulb 6in. to Qin. in diameter. South Africa. SYNs. 
Amaryllis coranica (B. R. 139 and 1219, var. pallida), Brunsvigia 
falcata. 
AMMODENDRON. Sophora is not synonymous 
with this genus. S. bifolia is a synonym of A. Sieversii 
AMMOGETON. Included under Trovimon, the 
correct name of A. scorzonerzfolium being T. glaucum 
dasycephalum (which see). 
AMMOLIRION. A synonym of Eremurus (which 
see). 
See 
