52 
THE DICTIONARY OF GARDENING, 
Anhalonium—continwed. 
genus by Engelmann and by the authors of the “‘Genera 
Plantarum”—but for garden purposes may well be kept 
distinct. Seeds rather large, tubercled. Tubercles almost 
leaf-like, triangular, smooth, or warted and fissured above. 
For culture of the species introduced, see Mammillaria. 
A. Engelmanni (Engelmann’s). A synonym of 4. jisswratum, 
A. fissuratum (fissured). jl. rose-coloured, lin. wide, growing 
from the middle of the stem. September and October. Stem 
and rootstock shaped like a top, the rootstock being thick 
and woody; tubercles arranged in a thick layer, spreading 
from the centre, rosette-like. Mexico, 1885. This species 
ees some of the Gasterias. Syn. A. Engelmanni. see 
ig. 48. 
A. furfuracea (scurfy). jl. lin. long; sepals brownish; petals 
white or pinkish. ‘Tubereles shorter and more pointed, the 
surface irregularly mamillate, and the apex a cup-like depres- 
sion containing the little cushion of paine Otherwise like 
A. prismaticum. 
A. prismaticum (prismatic). /. white, terminal, copiously 
woolly at the base. Stem wanting ; tubercles radical, lin. broad, 
spirally imbricated, cartilaginous outside, deltoid, obtuse or 
retuse, somewhat prism-like in section; axils woolly. Mexico, 
1888. SyNs. Mammillaria aloides, M. prismatica (B. M. 7279). 
A. Williamsii (Williams’). A synonym of Echinocactus Williamsii. 
ANIA. A synonym of Tainia (which see). 
ANIGOSANTHUS. Sce Anigozanthos. 
ANIGOSIA. A synonym of Anigozanthos (which 
see). 
ANIGOZANTHOS. Syn. Anigosia. Hight species, 
confined to South-western Australia, are included in this 
genus. To the information given on pp. 79-80, Vol. I., the 
following should be added: 
A. coccinea is synonymous with A. jlavida. 
A. fuliginosus (blackish-brown). A synonym of Macropidia 
Fumosa. 
A. Manglesii angustifolia (narrow-leaved). J. linear, strongly 
acuminate. (B. R. 2012.) 
A. rufa (red). The correct name of A. tyrianthina. 
ANILEMA. See Aneilema. 
ANIMAL MANURES. Under this term is included 
all manure from cattle, poultry, fish, &c., whether obtained 
directly or indirectly. Farmyard manure is usually a 
mixture of animal and vegetable manure, as the voiding 
of the animals is mixed with straw, peat-moss, litter, or 
whatever is employed for bedding. If this latter be kept 
under cover and fairly dry, it is a perfect plant-food, and 
also acts chemically on the soil; but if exposed to wet 
much of the fertilismg matter is lost, and the manure 
becomes of little value. From five to ten tons, according 
to the state of the land and the crop to be grown, is a 
moderate application per acre. Market-gardeners occa- 
sionally manure much heavier, but they crop their land in 
proportion. 
Bone-meal, and bones in a coarser form, are valuable 
fertilisers; and the same may be said “of fish manure in 
any form. Both are applied to various crops at the rate 
of 8cewt. to 5ewt. per acre. The best time for applying 
this manure is early in the season, when growth is com- 
mencing. Blood, again, is a powerful animal manure if 
properly prepared. Horn-shavings, hoof-parings, hair, and 
tanners’ waste (consisting of hair and skin-scrapings) are 
all more or less rich, and are invigorating to nearly all 
crops. Shoddy has found much favour with hop-growers 
and others, “and is made of cut woollen rags. Ground 
oyster-shells also constitute valuable manures, especially 
for Vines and stone-fruit bearing trees. In fact, almost 
everything belonging to animal life may be utilised for 
manure if it is available for nothing else. 
ANISACANTHA (from amnisos, unequal, and 
akanthos, a spine; application not clear). Orp. Cheno- 
podiacex. A small genus (six species) of branched, green- 
house shrubs or under-shrubs, all Australian. Flowers 
solitary in the axils. Leaves linear, alternate, sessile. 
One species—A. divaricata—has been introduced, but is 
probably no longer cultivated. 
ANISANTHERA (of Griffith), <A 
Adenosma (which see). 
ANISANTHERA (of Rafinesque). 
Caccinia (which see). 
ANISANTHUS. Included under Antholyza. A. splen- 
dens is synonymous with Antholyza caffra (which see). 
ANISOCALYX. A synonym of Herpestis (which 
see). 
ANISOCAMPIUM. Included under Nephrodium 
(which see). 
synonym of 
A synonym of 
ANISOGONIUM. Included under Asplenium 
(which see). 
ANISOLOBUS. A synonym of Odontadenia 
(which see). 
ANISOMERIS. A synonym of Chomelia (which 
see). 
ANISOPTERYX ZSCULARIA. ‘See Plum 
Insects. 
ANNESLEA (of W. Hooker). <A 
Calliandra (which see). 
ANNESLEA (of Roxburgh). A synonym of Euryale, 
A. spinosa being identical with E. ferox (which see). 
ANNUAL MULLEIN. See Verbascum Boer- 
haavii. 
ANNUAL RING. The ring or cylinder of wood 
produced by exogens during one year. 
ANNUALS. The value of these plants in the out- 
side garden is frequently discounted owing to the way 
in which they are treated by the cultivator. It is 
commonly supposed that because of their somewhat 
ephemeral nature these plants do not require as much 
attention to bring them to perfection as do the more 
permanent occupants of bed and border with which they 
are associated. Such is a mistake, and it is the slip- 
shod culture which Annuals frequently receive that more 
than anything else tends to bring them into disrepute. 
Most important, for instance, is the soil. This should 
always be fairly rich and friable, the latter condition 
being very essential at seed-time. A pasty soil at 
the time of seed-sowing is responsible for many failures. 
Then the actual depth at which to sow ought to be 
considered alike in relation to the soil and the sorts 
under cultivation. The seeds of Annuals, like those of all 
other plants, vary considerably, and a depth that would 
be suitable to one kind would be absolutely fatal to the 
chances of another. The smallest seeds, of which 
Mignonette is a familiar example, should only have the 
lightest of covering sifted over them, whereas Sweet Peas 
and Nasturtiums should have three or four times their 
bulk of soil to cover them—+jin. or more. 
In all cases, the gardener should bear in mind that, 
although a certain amount of thinning is absolutely 
necessary, much of the labour involved might be saved 
by judicious sowing. Light and air are very im- 
portant factors in the production of sturdy plants, and 
with those Annuals sown in autumn to provide an early 
spring display it is very essential, otherwise growth will 
be sappy and the seedlings will damp off. For autumn 
work the seeds should be sown in drills, as then the hoe 
can be more vigorously applied to keep down weeds and 
to maintain an open condition of the soil, while, of 
course, thinning is facilitated. Now as to the thinning. 
The first should be made as soon as the seedlings are 
large enough to handle; the second should take place a 
fortnight or so later, leaving the plants some 2in. or so 
apart; and the third when the plants again show signs of 
overcrowding. In the last weeding out the gardener will 
have to be guided by the habit of the plant under consider- 
ation. With large-growing kinds from Qin. to 1ft. will not 
be too much space. Opinions differ as to the best means 
of employing Annuals, and after all it is largely a question 
synonym of 
