60 THE DICTIONARY OF GARDENING, 
- APHANAMIXIS. See Amoora. 
APHANOSTEPHUS. See Leucopsidium. 
APHELANDRA. Syns. Hemisandra, Synandra. 
Bentham and Hooker include hereunder Hydromestes and 
Strobilorachis, but the latter has been kept distinct 
on p. 519, Vol. IIl., of this work. Nearly fifty species 
have been noted; they inhabit tropical and sub-tropical 
America, from the Argentine Republic as far as Mexico. 
To those described on pp. 90-1, Vol. I, the following 
should be added : 
A. amoona (pleasing). A garden name for A. Blanchetiana. 
A. atrovirens (dark green). jl. in a terminal, sessile, sub- 
cylindrical spike ; corolla fulvous-yellow, nearly lin. long ; bracts 
een, six to seven lines long, closely appressed. 1. 34in. to 44in. 
ong, 13in. to 24in. broad, elliptic or elliptic-ovate, rather obtuse, 
decurrent at base, crenate, very dark green and ghining atone 
eas beneath. Bahia, 1884. Plant dwarf. (1. H. 1884, 
-) 
A. Blanchetiana (Blanchet’s). jl. golden-yellow, the tube as 
long as the sepals but shorter than the crimson bracts which 
are lsin. long; spike sessile. August. J. ovate, acute, 
many-nerved, narrowed at base to a short petiole. Stem thick, 
tall. Brazil, 1888. (B. M. 7179.) Syn. A. amena (of gardens). 
A. Chamissoniana (Chamisso’s). The correct name of 
A. punctata. (B. M. 6627.) 
A. chrysops (golden-eyed). A synonym of A. squarrosa Leopoldii. 
A. dubia (doubtful). jl. of a deep red. 1894. A garden hybrid. 
d. H. 1894, t. 15.) 
A. fulgens (ote: fl. orange-coloured. Autumn. 
Mexico, 1847. (R. H. 1847, p. 21. 
A. glabrata (glabrous). fl. yellow; bracts ovate, acute, entire. 
Autumn. J. oblong, attenuated at both ends, slightly repand, 
cuneate at base, sessile, shining. Stems whitish when adult. 
South America, 1848. 
A. Leopoldii is a variety of A. sqguarrosa. Syn. A. chrysops. 
A. Liboniana (Libon’s). jl. deep yellow, red at the apex, 
small, scarcely exserted; bracts bright orange, large, arranged 
in four rows; spike sessile, 5in. to 6in. long. in. or more in 
length, deep green with a central white line, suddenly acu- 
Se entire ; petioles 2in. to 3in. long. Brazil, 1864. (B. M. 
-) 
h. sft. 
A. Macedoiana (Macedo Costa’s). J. elliptic-ovate, sub-obtuse, 
dark green above, the nerves margined with very pale whitish- 
green, the under-surface violet-purple. 1886. (I. H. 1886, 583.) 
A. Margaritz (Mdlle. Marguerite Closon’s).* jl. bright orange 
or apricot-colour, growing in short, terminal spikes from between 
pectinate bracts. J. decussate, shortly stalked, elliptic, the 
upper surface marked with about: half-a-dozea oblique bars of 
white on each side the midrib, the under-surface clear rose- 
colour. Central America (?), 1884. (B. H. 1883, 19; G. C. ser. iii., 
vol. ii., p. 585.) 
A. ornata (adorned). jl. bright yellow; bracts tinged with 
purple, large, hairy, 7. gradually narrowed to the base, dark 
green, with a distinct central paler band, ciliated; midrib 
pan on the under-surface. Bahia, 1858. (B. H. 1865, t. 3; 
J. B. 1864, p. 289.) 
A. prismatica (prismatic). The correct name of Strobilorachis 
prismatica. 
A. pumila pes (splendid). This pretty form differs from 
the type in having acute, green bracts. 1883. (R. G. 1104.) 
A. squarrosa (squarrose). jl. yellow, in terminal, solitary or 
ternate spikes; corolla 14in. long; bracts orange, densely imbri- 
cated, lin. to IJin. long. J. crowded, elliptic, acuminate, 
cuneate at base, 10in. to 12in. long. Brazil. A showy, her- 
baceous rises of which there are two varieties, citrina 
(F. d. S. 809) and Leopoldii (the latter described as A. Leopoldii 
in Vol. L.). 
A. sulphurea (sulphur-yellow). jl. of a dark or golden sulphur 
colour ; corolla tube protruding 4in. beyond the bract, the limb 
iin. across; spike 5in. to Sin. long. J. 6in. to Yin. done. broadly 
elliptic or elliptic-ovate, abruptly acuminate; petioles stout, 
tin. to fin. long. Stem terete, erect, sparingly branched. 
Guayaquil, 1872. . (B. M. 5951.) 
A. Lea ye (four-angled). The correct name of A. cristata. 
(B. R. 1277.) 
A. t. grandis (large). j., spike crowded at the apex of the 
stem; rachis densely woolly. September. J. (with the lin. 
petioles) nearly lft. long, 4in. broad, with a long, tail-like point. 
lerida, Venezuela. 
A, t. imperialis (imperial). . scarlet, four times as long as 
the brownish bracts; spikes terminal. /. ovate, acute. Central 
America, 1891. (R. G. 1354.) 
APHELENCUS FRAGARIZ. See Eelworms. 
APHELEXIS. Bentham and Hooker refer this genus 
to Helichrysum (which see). 
APHIDES are amongst the commonest and most 
widely distributed of all garden insects, and are popularly 
known as Greenfly ; though why it is difficult to imagine, 
seeing that many species are very far from even approxi- 
mating to that colour. In this country quite 200 species 
are found, and this fact alone is sufficient to invest 
the family with some little importance even despite the 
unenyviable reputation which it bears with the gardener 
and the agriculturist. To it again belong several of the 
most destructive insects known to horticulture, and in 
support of this one only needs to instance the Grape 
Phylloxera and the American Blight, or Woolly Aphis, 
each of which is dealt with under its respective heading. 
Years ago before economic entomology began to make 
its influence felt, the visitations of Aphides, together 
with many fungoid diseases of plants, were vaguely ascribed 
to “ blight.” 
From a cursory glance at Aphides one would be tempted 
to think that such fragile-looking creatures would be 
readily disposed of either by a very severe winter or by 
great and successive weather changes. That they are 
not, however, must be apparent to those who have paid 
but comparatively little attention to a complex subject. 
First as to weather influences. That a few viviparous 
females are more likely to be preserved to carry on the 
cycle during a mild than during a severe winter is true; 
but, on the other hand, it must be remembered that certain 
very destructive species have been observed in an active 
condition even during the prevalence of 1ldeg. of frost. 
Dry, hot weather is most favourable to the increase of 
the insects, as during copious showers they get dislodged 
from their hiding-places, and are frequently killed. 
Aphides constitute quite as formidable pests of greenhouse 
and orchard-house plants as they are of outdoor plants, 
though because of the restricted area under cultivation in 
the former case they are more readily dealt with. 
All species of Aphides do not feed exposed. Some, like 
those found upon the Bean, are exposed to view; while 
others live for the most part in the curled-up leaves of 
their food-plant. Again, while many infest the leaves, 
others, like the Apple Aphis (A. mali), attack both 
flowers and leaves. Some, too—the Woolly Aphis and the 
Grape Louse—feed upon the roots; and two common 
species at least, feeding upon Currants, are responsible 
for blister-like galls, due to the irritation set up by their 
punctures. These are Myzus ribis and Rhopalosiphum ribis. 
Apart, too, from the injury certain Aphides inflict upon 
the plants by extracting the sap therefrom by means of 
their sucker-mouths, they are also objectionable by reason 
of the fact that they exude a sweet, sticky secretion, 
popularly called “ honeydew,” which, together with the 
excreta, so block up the pores of the leaves that they are 
quite incapable of fulfilling their proper functions, and 
the tree or plant suffers accordingly. Of the honeydew- 
secreting Aphides some of the most familiar are Ptero- 
callis tiliz, the species found upon Limes; A. pruni 
upon the Plum; and A. brassice and A. rape upon 
turnips, cabbages, &c. 
The Lime is not alone among ornamental trees which 
is attacked, and badly attacked, by Aphides of the honey- 
dew-secreting kinds. The beautiful Copper Beech, which 
of late years has become such a favourite in gardens, is 
a great sufferer from Phyllaphis fagi, which is allied to 
that found upon the Lime. Itis a green species, but being 
covered with a whitish substance its body-colour is not 
often noticed. The eyes are red and prominent. The 
Common Beech is also subject to similar attacks. The 
Larch, again, has its particular Aphis (Chermes laricis), 
but the damage done is not so great as is the case with 
some of the other species. The eggs are laid in spring, 
and the newly-hatched larve at once commence upon the 
young leaves. 
Many Aphides exhibit impartial tastes in the matter of 
food-plant, for when one is not available another, and 
