62 THE DICTIONARY OF GARDENING, 
Aphides—continiued. 
greater utility than when applied cold. Even warm 
water or soapsuds will have a cleansing effect upon the 
leaves, and will also be the means of killing a number 
of the enemy if directed with energy early in the spring. 
Tree-trunks may also with advantage be washed; while 
in the case of American Blight special treatment will 
be necessary, as advocated under that heading. Abol is 
another excellent insecticide to employ against Aphides. 
The gardener is ably seconded in his efforts to keep down 
Aphides by many insects, but principally by several of 
the Ladybirds and their larve, which devour vast quanti- 
ties. Equally useful are the Lacewing Flies, Stink Flies, 
or Golden Eyes. These beautiful, but fragile-looking, 
creatures are amongst the Aphides greatest natural 
enemies, and should be preserved at all costs. The eggs 
are fairly conspicuous, and are laid at the end of a 
long stalk, sometimes singly, at others in a cluster. The 
larvee of some species of Lacewing Flies clothe themselves 
with the bodies of the Aphides, presenting a curious ap- 
pearance. This is also the case with some of the Hemero- 
biide, which are close allies of the Lacewing Flies (which 
see). Then there are one or two species of Hover- 
Flies (Syrphidae) that render the gardener excellent 
service. The leech-like larve are very remarkable in 
their movements, and we have it on the excellent 
authority of that careful observer, Mr. Enock, that 
a single Hover-Fly larva has destroyed over 120 Aphides 
in an hour. Other insects that tend to lessen the 
gardener’s labours are the parasitic Hymenoptera, of the 
families Chalcididx and Ichnewmonidz. Gardeners should 
learn to recognise the Aphides which have been visited by 
the parasites of the families noted. Usually they have 
isolated themselves from their relatives, have assumed a 
dull, or even whitish hue, and aldermanic proportions. Such 
specimens should be left severely alone, as they almost 
invariably contain the egg, or perhaps the immature larva, 
of one of the parasites, which, as soon as it has assumed 
the perfect state, will make its way through the skin of 
the unfortunate host that for a time has given it shelter. 
Nor must the birds be forgotten, several of the commoner 
species being exceptionally fond of Aphides. 
Indoors the XL All Vaporiser and Liquid might be 
used with advantage; and in the case of fruits a good 
syringing night and morning with hot water would 
doubtless be sufficient. 
APHILOTHRIX GEMMZ. See Oak Galls. 
APHLOTIA (from a, privative, and phlois, bark ; alluding 
to a peculiarity of one of the species, called by the French 
colonists Bois sans Ecorce). Orp. Biwinee. A small 
genus (three species) of stove, evergreen trees or shrubs, 
natives of the Mascarene Islands. Flowers hermaphrodite, 
axillary, sessile or shortly pedicellate; sepals four or five, 
broadly imbricated; petals wanting; stamens numerous. 
Leaves entire, serrated or toothed. Only one species 
calls for mention. For culture, see Ludia. 
A. mauritiana (Mauritian). The correct name of Ludia hetero- 
phylla. 
APHYLAX. A synonym of Aneilema (which see). 
APIACEZ. Lindley’s name for the Umbelliferz 
(which see). 
APIS MELLIFICA. Sce Honey Bee. 
APISTA. A synonym of Podochilus (which see). 
APIUM. Petals entire; umbels compound. Leaves 
dissected. In addition to the Celery (A. graveolens) and 
Celeriac (A. g. rapacewm), the following variety may be 
mentioned : 
A. graveolens tricolor (three-coloured). 7. glossy green 
striped down the centre with a silvery-grey band, and margined 
with creamy-white. 1882. 
APLOCARYA. A synonyn of Dolia (which see). 
APLOPAPPUS. See Haplopappus. 
APLOPHYLLUM. Included under Ruta (which 
see). 
APODOLIRION (from a, privative, podos, a foot, 
and Lirion, a Lily; in allusion to the peduncles being 
short and hidden). Orp. Amaryllidee. A genus em- 
bracing half-a-dozen species of greenhouse, bulbous 
plants, natives of South Africa. Flowers white or red- 
dish, as large as a Crocus; perianth funnel-shaped, with 
a long tube and six sub-equal, ascending segments; 
stamens in two rows near the throat; peduncle short, 
hidden in the neck of the bulb, one-flowered. Leaves 
narrow, not usually produced with the flowers. Only two 
species call for mention here. ‘They thrive in a mixture 
of sandy loam and peat, and may be propagated by offsets 
or by seeds. : 
A. Ettz (Miss Etta Stainbank’s). l., perianth tube 3in. long, the 
limb white, tinged with red, lin. to lin. Jong: anthers in two 
superposed rows. J. (and bulb) like those of a Crocus. 1894, 
A. lanceolatum (lance-shaped). The correct name of Gethyllis 
lanceolata. 
APONOGETON. Syn. Spathiwm (of Edgworth). 
Ouvirandra (see p. 535, Vol. II.) is included by Bentham 
and Hooker under this genus, which comprises about a 
score species of stove, greenhouse, or half-hardy, scapi- 
gerous, submerged, Aquatic herbs, inhabiting tropical and 
temperate Asia and Africa, and Australia. Flowers 
white, or rarely pink or violet, hermaphrodite, spicate ; 
perianth segments (or bracts) two or three, rarely one or 
wanting, petaloid; spikes solitary or twin, sessile at the 
apex of the scape. Leaves long-petiolate, oblong or 
linear, erect or swimming. 
In the Lattice-leaf Plant, A. fenestrale, lovers of tender 
Aquatic Plants have a gem which well repays for the 
extra attention its culture entails. The treatment, 
according to Mr. Baker, of the Oxford Botanic Gardens, 
is as follow: In order to produce a luxuriant growth 
it must not be included in a tank with Aquatics that 
require abundance of light and sunshine. A tub, about 
3ft. in diameter and 14ft. in depth, is a very suitable 
receptacle in which to cultivate it. This should be 
situated in a warm plant-house in a position where 
the light can be subdued and the temperature of the water 
maintained at from 60deg. to 65deg. in the winter, 
and from 70deg. to 75deg. during the summer months. 
A suitable compost consists in good fibrous loam, a 
little leaf-soil, with a good sprinkling of coarse silver sand. 
An 8in. or 10in. pot is sufficiently large to accommo- 
date a good-sized specimen, and the soil should be pressed 
firmly into the pot, afterwards covering the surface 
with small white stones or spar, to keep the soil from 
rising in the water: these also serve another purpose, 
by displaying to better advantage the formation of the 
leaves. ‘he crown of the plant should be submerged 
about 2in. beneath the surface of the water. It is most 
important that the water be clean and as free from sedi- 
ment as possible, rain-water being far preferable; 
further, it should not be allowed to become stagnant, 
or confervoid growths will make their appearance, 
and injure the plant. To prevent this as far as 
possible, some of the water should be drawn off 
about once a week by means of a siphon, and the 
tub filled up with fresh water of about the same 
temperature. If this does not check their appearance, a 
good method is to cover up the plant and exclude all 
light for a few days, when the confervoid growths may be 
easily syringed off and flushed over the rim of the’ tub. 
It is beneficial to the plant for the tub to be filled to 
overflowing by adding a little fresh water every day by 
means of a watering-can with a fine rose; or the same 
result may be attained (excepting that there is a con- 
tinual slight agitation of the water) by a constant drip 
conducted by means of a siphon from another vessel 
situated at a higher level. This will cause the water to 
run over at the sides, and any dirt that may have become 
deposited on the surface will be thus removed. 
