78 THE DICTIONARY OF GARDENING, 
Aquatic Plants—continued. 
Tropical and tender kinds embrace the following amongst 
others: Aponogeton fenestrale ; Cabomba aquatica; Cera- 
topteris thalictroides ; Cyperus alternifolius, C. a. varie- 
gatus, O. natalensis, and C. Papyrus; Lichhornia azwrea, 
E. Martiana, and EH. speciosa; Herpestis Monniera; 
Hydrolea spinosa; Jussieua grandiflora; Limnanthemum 
indicum ; Limnobium bogotense ; Limnocharis emarginata ; 
Myriophyllum proserpinacoides ; Nelwmbiwm luteum and 
N. speciosum; Neptunia plena; Nymphea amazonum, N. 
Boucheana, N. capensis, N. Daubenyana, N. Deaniana, 
N. devoniensis, N. elegans, N. Eugenie, N. flava, N. gigantea, 
N. gracilis, N. kewensis, N. Lotus, N. L. dentata, N. L. 
monstrosa, N. L. rubra, N. L. thermalis, N, mewicana, 
N. micrantha, N. O’ Marana, N. Ortgiesiana, N. pulcherrima, 
N. stellata, N. s. cyanea, N. s. versicolor, N. Sturtevantii, 
N. zanzibarensis, and N. z. azwrea; Otlelia ovalifolia; 
Philydrum lanuginosum; Pistia stratiotes; Sagittaria 
lancifolia, 8.1. angustifolia, and S. montevidensis ; Salvinia 
natans; and Thalia dealbata. The last-named (Thalia 
dealbata) has been grown in ornamental water at Kew in 
the open air for many years; it is nearly hardy. 
AQUILEGIA CHRYSANTHA, 
Fie. 74. 
AQUILARIA (from aquila, an eagle; the native name 
in Morocco is Eagle Wood). Syns. Agallochwm, Ophis- 
permum. ORD. Thymeleacee. A small genus (two or 
three species) of stove trees, natives of Hastern Asia and 
the Malayan Archipelago. Flowers pedicellate; umbellules 
sub-sessile, axillary or terminal. Leaves alternate. A. 
malaccensis, the only species introduced, is probably not 
now cultivated. 
AQUILARIEZ. A tribe of Thymeleacex (which 
see). 
AQUILEGIA. According to Bentham and Hooker, 
the numerous species may be reduced to about five or six; 
they are mostly distributed over the North temperate 
zone, the genus being represented in Britain by A. vulgaris. 
These useful plants have been very much employed 
of late years, and considerable improyements have been 
made by the florist. The beautiful hybrid forms, both 
long-spurred and short-spurred, are extremely decorative, 
and some of the best should always be included. Colum- 
bines are not as often used on the rockery as they 
might be, considering their utility. Usually these plants 
are regarded as pure sun-lovers, but as a matter of 
fact shade is good for them, and especially for those 
early kinds which push their buds while frosts are to 
be reckoned with. To grow, for instance, the lovely 
hybrid A. Stuarti in a south border, or in any position 
where the sun strikes very early in the morning, is to 
sacrifice much of its beauty. A north-west border is 
the best place for this, as in the event of spring frosts 
the thawing process would be gradual; whereas if strong 
sun immediately followed a severe frost the buds would 
be for a certainty damaged. And similarly with other 
early-flowering kinds. Those who study effect in their 
gardens. will find it best to raise a fresh stock of Colum- 
bines each year, instead of, as is frequently done, 
retaining the old plants. For the rock garden A. alpina, 
A. cxrulea, A. pyrenaica, and A. glandulosa are the 
best kinds; they may also be utilised for border 
decoration, so long as the soil is rich, moist, deep, and 
free, along with A. canadensis, A. formosa, A. chrysantha 
(Fig. 74), A. Skinneri, A. Stuarti, A. vulgaris and its 
white form alba, and the beautiful Munstead White, a 
tall-growing (2ft.) large-flowered variety. ’ 
To the species and varieties described on pp. 100-2, 
Vol. I., the following should be added: 
A. atrata (dark). A variety of A. vulgaris. 
A. czrulea flore-pleno (double-fiowered). An apparently 
double-flowered variety; a number of the stamens are trans- 
jonmed into white, petaloid processes, tubular at the base. 
A. ceruleo-chrysantha (hybrid). A garden hybrid between 
the two species indicated in the name. 1889. ‘ 
A. chrysantha nana 
(dwarf).* jl. golden-yellow. 
hk. 14ft. 1890. A pretty 
variety. 
A. flabellata (fan-shaped). 
jl. white, slightly tinted with 
violet-rose. A very early- 
flowering, compact - habited, 
dwarf, garden form. (R. H. 
1887, p. 548.) The variety 
Jlore-allo has flowers entirely 
white. 
A. f. nana flore-albo (dwarf, 
white-flowered). A garden 
variety. 1888, 
A. hybrida (hybrid). A form 
of A. cerulea. 
A. kanaoriensis (Kanaor), 
A synonym of A. Moorcroft- 
wana. 
A. longissima (very long). 
Jl. pale yellow, straw-coloured, 
nearly white, or tinged with 
red; spurs 4in. or more in 
length. J. glaucous beneath. 
Texas and Mexico, 1888. A 
handsome Columbine, of tall 
habit, slightly pubescent with 
silky hairs; it is allied to 
A, chrysantha. (G. & F. 1888, 
iy ale f. 6.) 
A. Moorcroftiana (Moor- 
croft’s). jl. pore Hah - blue, 
drooping, the petals white at 
the tips, resembling A. vuwl- 
garis, but all the spurs are pyg 75 
straight. May and June. ini 
1., radical ones on long stalks, 
bi-triternate ; leaflets petiolu- 
late, cuneate, three-lobed ; cauline leaves remote, on shorter and 
less divided petioles. A. lft. Kamaor, Himalayas. Syn. 
A, kanaoriensis (B. M. 4693). 
FLOWERS AND LEAVES 
OF AQUILEGIA STUARTI. 
