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1900 SUPPLEMENT—RECENT INTRODUCTIONS, &C. 89 
Asarum—continued. 
hastate. To the species described on p. 119, Vol. I., the 
following should be added: - 
A. albivenium (white-veined). This species is similar to 
A. (Heterotropa) parviflora, but has longer-stalked, yellowish 
flowers with red spots and white-veined leaves. Japan, 1864. 
(R. G. 1864, t. 440.) Syn. A. leucodictyon. 
caudigerum (tail-bearing). 7. green, speckled with red and 
reddish-brown ; perianth tube villous within, the lobes triangular- 
ovate, each narrowed into a slender tail lin. or more in length ; 
pence shorter than the petioles. January. /. two, radical, 
in. to 3in. long, broadly ovate-cordate, with a deep, narrow 
sinus. Southern China, 1890. Plant stemless, clothed with 
long hairs. Cool greenhouse. (B. M. 7126.) 
_A. geophilum (earth-loving). jl. purplish-brown, margined and 
spotted with white, solitary, very shortly pedunculate, about lin. 
in diameter, scarcely appearing above the surface of the ground. 
December. J. cordate-orbicular, somewhat fleshy, 2in. to 4in. 
across, dark shining green veined with white on the per 
surface. South China, 1888. Cool greenhouse. (B. M. 7168.) 
A. Hookeri (Hooker’s). The correct name of A. caudatwm. 
A. japonicum (Japanese). A synonym of A. Thunbergii. 
A. leucodictyon (white-netted), A synonym of A. albivenium. 
A. macranthum (large-flowered).* /l. of a rich purplish-brown, 
about 2in. in diameter, seated close to the ground, and so 
numerous that they cover the surface, the broad, much- 
undulated, spreading lobes of the perianth bordered with 
yellowish. J. 4in. to 5in. across, borne well above the flowers, on 
stout stalks, shining green above, mottled with white and paler 
beneath, with prominent red veins. Eastern China and 
Formosa, 1877. Greenhouse. This species has a pleasant odour, 
like Fenugreek. (B. M. 7022.) 
maximum (largest). ji. maroon-purple, with a conspicuous 
eye-like blotch of white, fleshy, three-lobed, 2sin. in diameter, 
borne on short stalks, /. cordate, 14ft. high, 8in. in diameter, 
dark green, mottled with grey much in the same manner as a 
Cyclamen. Rhizome creeping. China, 1895. (B. M. 7456.) 
A. parvifiorum (small-fiowered). The correct name of Hetero- 
tropa parviflora. 
A. Thunbergii (Thunberg’s). The correct name of Heterotropa 
asaroides. YN. A. japonicum. 
ASCARICIDA. Included under Vernonia (which 
see): 
ASCIDIUM (pl. Ascidia). 
e.g., that of Sarracenia. 
ASCIUM. A synonym of Norantea (which see). 
ASCLEPIAS. About sixty species are included in 
this genus, the majority being North American; a few are 
found in Central and South America, two in Africa, and 
one is broadly distributed over the warmer regions of the 
globe. To those described on pp. 119-20, Vol. I., the 
following varieties should be added: 
A. acuminata is synonymous with A, rwra. 
A. ameoena is synonymous with A. purpurascens. 
A. atro ea aurea (blood-coloured and golden). ‘Uhis 
ornamental plant appears to be a variety of A. curassavica with 
deep blood-red flowers, having a yellow corona. Bolivia, 1888. 
A. decumbens (decumbent). A variety of A. twherosa. 
A. incarnata pulchra (pretty). A form with copious and 
somewhat hirsute pubescence, and usually broader leaves 
(anceolate to oblong), often sub-cordate at base. North 
America. (S. B. F. G. ser. ii., t. 18, under name of A. pulchra.) 
A. pulchra (pretty). A form of A. incarnata. 
A. speciosa (showy). The correct name of A. Douglasii. 
A. syriaca. The correct name is A. Cornuti. 
A. tuberosa decumbens (decumbent). #. in umbels from 
most of the upper axils, racemosely disposed. J. broader and 
more commonly 0; ae re than in the type. Stems reclining. 
North America, 1680. (S. B. F. G. ser. ii., t. 24, under name of 
A. decumbens.) 
ASCOCHYTA. A genus of fungi belonging to the 
Spheropsidex, probably representing phases in the life 
cycle of ascigerous fungi. The chief outward charac- 
teristic of this genus is a spotting of the parts affected 
—leaves, stems, or, in the case of leguminous plants, the 
pods. The Garden Pea and fhe French Kidney Bean- are 
both liable to attack from A. pisi, the spots appearing 
on leaves and pods. Generically the fungus may be 
briefly described: Conidia roundish, two-celled, hyaline; 
pycnidia embedded in the injured parts, which, in addition, 
Vol V. 
A hollow, pitcher-like leaf, 
Ascochyta—continued. 
are sometimes surrounded by rings. Other species infest 
the hardy Aspidistra. the Raspberry. the Strawberry, and 
the Petunia. Spraying with sulphide of potassium (}oz. 
to the gallon of water) is probably the best preventive. 
ASCOMYCETES, or SAC FUNGI. A group of 
fungi characterised by the spores being produced in 
cylindrical sacs, scientifically known as asci. To this 
group belong the Mildew Fungi (Erysiphez), the esculent 
Truffles (Tuberacer), and the Pyrenomycetes, several 
kinds of which destroy not only forest trees, but also 
Vines and fruit trees. Indeed, to the last-named order 
belong the genera responsible for the Anthracnose of the 
Vine, the Canker of Apple and other trees, and the ergot 
of economic value because of its medicinal properties. 
The last order of this group is Discomycetes, to which 
belong the genera causing the Blotch Disease of Maples, 
the peculiar Pocket, Mock, or Bladder Plums, the disfiguring 
and debilitating Peach-Curl, the Witches’ Brooms of the 
Cherry, and many others less noteworthy. 
ASCYRUM. Five species, found in North America 
and the Antilles, are referred to this genus. 
ASEXUAL. Having no sex; eg., flowering plants 
that have neither stamens nor pistil. 
ASH BARE SCALE (Chionaspis fraxini). Though 
commonly known by the name above adopted, this familiar 
insect almost as often frequents Willows, Alders, and other 
plants. The genus to which it belongs is a destructive one, 
and in certain seasons the active and conspicuous red larve 
may in laté spring be feund in myriads on tree-trunks which 
recently gave them birth. The larve form scale-like 
coverings, and then are inactive. They moult several times 
before arriving at the perfect stage. The females differ 
considerably from the males. First, they are inactive 
creatures destitute of wings; secondly, they are responsible 
for the damage to the trees by extracting the juices by 
means of their rostra, the males not being provided with a 
mouth. Usually, the males are winged, though they are 
seldom seen ; but sometimes with this genus there are wing- 
less males, whose functions are simply to perpetuate their 
kind and die. The females never move once the perfect 
insect stage is reached; indeed, they are absolutely 
incapable of so doing. They affix themselves to the spot on 
which the eggs are to be deposited, and there die, the 
shrivelled body combining with the covering elaborated to 
form a protection for the bright red eggs. 
These insects appear in such vast numbers in certain 
seasons that they cause no little damage to the trees. 
Where, therefore, Ash or other trees, used in the decoration 
of gardens, are attacked by this Scale, they should be treated 
to kerosene emulsion during the latter part of May, by 
which time the larve have usually not begun to elaborate 
their protective covering, and are thus readily killed by 
contact. 
ASH MIDGE. Sce Diplosis. 
ASH, SOUTHERN PRICKLY. 
xylum Clava-Herculis. 
ASILUS CRABRONIFORMIS. 
Fly. 
ASIMINA. Syn. Orchidocarpum. This 
embraces seven or eight species, all American. 
penniveined. 
A. triloba is the Papaw or Custard Apple of the United States. 
Syn. Anona triloba (B. M. 5854). 
ASPARAGUS. Bentham and Hooker include Mysi- 
phyllum hereunder, but it has been kept distinct in this 
work. The genus comprises nearly 100 species, broadly 
dispersed over the temperate and warmer regions. To 
those described on pp. 122-3, Vol. I., the following 
should be added. Except where otherwise stated, warm 
N 
See Kantho- 
See Hornet 
genus 
Leaves 
