118 THE 
DICTIONARY 
OF GARDENING, 
Azalea—continued. 
shading to deep yellow; VELASQUEZ, creamy-white, shaded 
with rose; VIRGILE, pale yellow. 
Azalea sinensis (SYN. A. mollis).—ALBICANS, pure white; 
ALPHONSE LAVALLEE, reddish-orange; BARON EDMOND DE 
ROTHSCHILD, red; BARON PIGCKE, deep red; CHEVALIER DE 
REAL, bright light yellow; COMTE DE GOMER, rosy-orange ; 
COMTE DE QUINCEY, golden-yellow; ERNEST Baca, red; 
ISABELLA VAN HourTE, clear nankin; KONIGEN SOPHIA, orange 
suffused with rose; PROFESSOR W. KosTER, red; and W. E 
GUMBLETON, nankin. 
Azalea sinensis Hybrids.—CuarLes RoGIieEr, bright rose; 
DULCINEE, reddish-orange; EDISON, rose; FRERE ORBAN, 
creamy-yellow; GENERAL BRAILMONT, rosy-lilac; GLOIRE DE 
BELGIQUE, lovely red; J. J. DE VINT, pale orange, immense 
truss; M. DersBols, salmon; SOUVENIR DE LOUIS VAN 
Hourre, white, tinged with rose. 
AZALEASTRUM ALBIFLORUM. A garden 
synonym of Rhododendron albiflorum (which see). 
AZALEODENDRON (a compound of the names 
Azalea and Rhododendron). Orv. Ericacee. This name 
has been applied to so-called bigeneric hybrids between 
Azalea sinensis (mollis) and some varieties of Rhodo- 
dendron. They should properly be classed under Rhodo- 
dendron, in which genus Bentham and Hooker include 
Azalea. 
AZARA. About a dozen species, all natives of Chili, 
are included in this genus. Flowers hermaphrodite, 
fascicled, shortly corymbose, or somewhat spicate; sepals 
four or five and somewhat valvate, or five or six and 
imbricated ; petals wanting; stamens indefinite. 
AZEREDIA. A 
(which see). 
AZIMA (from Azimena, the Malagasy name of an 
allied shrub). Syn. Monetia. Orv. Salvadoracer. A 
small genus (three or four species) of stove or green- 
house, much-branched or sarmentose shrubs, natives of 
tropical Asia, tropical and South Africa, and Madagascar. 
Flowers small, dicecious, crowded in the axils or in 
panicles at the sides of the branches. Leaves opposite, 
entire. A. tetracantha (Syn. Monetia barlerioides) has 
been introduced, but is probably lost to cultivation. 
AZOLLA (from azo, to dry, and ollo, to kill; a dry 
condition causes the plants to perish). Orp. Rhizo- 
carpee. A genus embracing five species of stove or 
greenhouse, fugacious, floating aquatics, with copiously- 
branched stems, natives of North and South America, 
Australia, and New Zealand. Leaves sessile, minute, 
densely imbricated, deeply lobed, each lobe furnished 
with a midrib only. Stems sending out from the 
under-side into the water copious simple or feathery, 
solitary or fascicled root-fibres; branches bearing two 
kinds of fruit on the under-side (which, however, is 
not usually seen in this country). The only species 
in cultivation is best accommodated during the winter 
in shallow vessels in a pit or warm house, or frame; 
but in the summer it will thrive in a small indoor 
aquarium, or the vessel in which it grows may be 
placed outside, and at this season acquires a rich 
reddish-purple tint. 
A. caroliniana (Carolina). fronds 4in. to lin. long. J. gener- 
ally pale green, the larger lobes rhomboid-oblong, obtuse. 
Root-fibres solitary. Southern United States to Buenos Ayres. 
synonym‘ of Cochlospermum 
BABIANA. The species number nearly thirty. To 
the information given on p. 152, Vol. I., the following 
should be added: 
B. disticha is scarcely more thana variety of B. plicata, from 
which it differs by its perianth-tube being distinctly exserted from 
the spathe (J. G. Baker). 
B. reflexa is a form of B. stricta with flowers smaller than in the 
type, the lower ones deflexed. 
B. socotrana (Socotran). jl. solitary, almost sessile; perianth 
tube ljin. long, very slender, the limb pale violet-blue, lin. 
broad, two-lipped, the segments elliptic, acute. September 
Babiana—continued. 
1. bifarious, 3in. to 4in. long, Zin. broad, narrow-lanceolate ; 
petioles broad, compressed. .h, 3in. to 4in. Socotra, 1880. 
(B. M. 6585.) 
B. stricta, B. villosa (B. M. 583) is synonymous with this 
species. 
BABINGTONIA. Bentham and Hooker include this 
under Beckea (which see). : 
BACAZIA. Included under Barnadesia (which 
see). . 
BACCAUREA (from bacca, a berry, and awrea, golden ; 
in allusion to the golden berries of some of the species). 
Syns. Adenocrepis, Calyptroon, Microsepala, Pierardia. 
Orv. Euphorbiacez. A genus embracing upwards of thirty 
species of stove trees, natives of India, the Malayan 
Archipelago, and the Pacific Islands. Flowers racemose, on 
short pedicels. Fruit ovoid, obovoid, or sub-globose. 
Leaves alternate, entire or lightly undulate-crenate. 
B. bracteata (Syn. Pierardia dulcis) has been introduced, 
but is probably no longer grown in this country. 
BACCHARIS. Syn. Molina. Upwards of 275 
species, all American, have been referred to this genus. 
To that described on p. 152, Vol. I., the following 
should be added : 
B. salicina (Willow-like). .-heads pedunculate. J. like those 
of a Willow, sub-sessile, varying from oblong to linear-lanceo- 
late, sparingly toothed, rarely entire. h. 6ft. Western North 
America, 1894. 
B. trimera (three-parted). /.-heads inconspicuous. h. 6ft. 
Argentina, 1896. A leafless, greenhouse shrub, with winged 
expansions along the stems. It is more curious than ornamental. 
(RH. 1896, p. 182, £ 50-52.) 
BACTERIA. These microscopic vegetable organisms, 
though popularly associated with certain diseases peculiar 
to man and other animals, are also responsible for several 
very destructive plant diseases, which are grouped under 
the heading of “ Bacteriosis.” Hartig, in his “ Diseases of 
Trees,” says that such diseases are characterised by the 
succulent parts of the infested plant being converted “ into 
a slimy, glutinous pulp, which emits a most repulsive 
stench.” Bacteria increase very rapidly by either fission 
or by spores. The first is really a process of self-division. 
It consists of a gradual division of the body into two parts, 
each of which then becomes a separate and independent 
organism. Dutch bulb growers are only too well aware 
of the appearance of Hyacinths so attacked by the yellow, 
slimy disease, found alike in the resting and active stage, 
and known as Bacteriwm (Bacillus) hyacinthi. Tomatoes 
are subject to a virulent form of Bacteriosis, in which 
the fruits are blackened. So also are Cabbages. In 
the latter case, Dr. Erwin Smith (of the United States 
Department of Agriculture) says the symptoms usually 
begin at the margins, and consist in the yellowing of 
all affected parts except the veins, which become decidedly 
brown or black. Carnations, again, are affected. A num- 
ber of other plants not grown in this country are thought 
to be affected by these low organisms, but the whole 
question of Bacteria in their relation to plants requires 
ae investigation before anything can with certainty 
be said. 
BACTERIOSIS. See Bacteria. 
BACTRIS. About a hundred species of this genus, 
all natives of tropical America, have been enumerated. 
To those described on p. 153, Vol. I., the following should 
be added : 
B. acanthocarpa (spiny-fruited). /l., spadix about 14ft. long. 
fr. scarlet, globose or depressed-globose, armed with long, black, 
shining prickles. /. 6ft. to 8ft. long, scattered on the upper part 
of the stems, spreading ; pinnz rather loosely ilispoced: linear, 
long-acuminate, 14ft. long. Stems often densely tufted, erect, 
12ft. to 15ft. high, very prickly. Brazil. There is a variety 
crispata. 
B. elatior (taller). This “may belong to B. trichospatha, with 
which it agrees in habit, but from which it differs in the regular 
arrangement and smaller number of the pinne, in the arrange- 
ment of the branches of the spadix, the rachis being represented 
