144 THE DICTIONARY OF GARDENING, 
Berkheya—continued. 
those described on p. 183, Vol. I., the following should be 
added : 
B. Adlami (Adlam’s). l.-ieads yellow, 34in. across, sub= 
corymbose. J., radical ones 14ft. long, 7in. broad, sintately 
lobed and spiny-toothed ; upper ones 4in. to 6in, long, spotted 
with brown beneath. Stem herbaceous, 6ft. high, branched. 
Transvaal, 1897. This is by. far the largest species known. 
(B. M. 7514.) 
BERLANDIERA (named in honour of J. L. Ber- 
landier, a Genoese botanist, who explored parts of Texas 
and Mexico; he died in 1851). Orv. Composite. A genus 
embracing four species of greenhouse or half-hardy, 
perennial herbs or under-shrubs, natives of the Mexico- 
Texan region. I lower-heads yellow, heterogamous, radiate, 
mediocre or rather large, pedunculate; rays in one 
series ; involucre broadly hemispherical ; receptacle nearly 
flat. Leaves alternate, crenate or lyrate-pinnatifid. 
B. tomentosa, the only species in cultivation, requires cool 
greenhouse treatment, and may be propagated by seeds or 
by cuttings. 
B. tomentosa (downy). /l.-heads 14in. to 2in. across, few ina 
terminal corymb; ray florets about eight, dull yellow, broadly 
ovate-oblong ; disk green and reddish-brown. May and June. 
1., lower ones oblong or ovate-oblong, narrowed to a petiole Jin. 
long ; upper ones small, sessile. h. lft. to 2ft. Southern United 
States, 1298. A slender perennial, more or less hoary or cottony 
or glabrate. (B. M. 7680.) 
BERREBERA. A synonym of Milletia (which 
see). : 
BERRY-BEARING ALDER. ‘See Rhamnus 
Frangula. . 
BERTEROA. Included under Alyssum (which 
see). 
BERTOLONIA. Six species, all natives of tropical 
America, are included in this genus. These stove plants 
are always admired for their elegant foliage. They are 
inereased by cuttings taken in spring. Of late years some 
handsome hybrids have been raised, chiefly upon the 
Continent, and these have, to a certain extent, superseded 
the species. Some of the best are Comte de Kerchive, 
Madame Van Geert, Madame Pynaert, Souvenir de Gand, 
and Van Houttei. To those described on p. 184, Vol. I., 
the following should be added. See also Gravesia and 
Monolena. 
B. argyrea (silvery). J. large, oval, pale green, handsomely 
veined, reticulated, and spotted with silvery-white, and having 
numerous white hairs on both surfaces and at the margins. 1894. 
B. marmorata. Eriocnema marmoratum (L. & P. F. G. i. 27) 
is identical with this species. B. Sandere (Sander's) is a 
seedling form of it, muc sae to the type. 1894. Syn. 
Eriocnema Sandere (G. M. 1894, p. 658). 
BERTOLONIA (of Spinola). A synonym of 
Myoporum (which see). 
BERTONERILA (a compound of the names 
Bertolonia and Sonerila). Orv. Melastomaceez. Under 
this name several varieties of a hybrid between the genera 
Bertolonia and Sonerila are described and figured in the 
Catalogue of L’Horticole Internationale, Brussels, for 
1896. 
BESCHORNERIA. According to J. G. Baker, this 
genus embraces about half-a-dozen closely-allied species, 
restricted to Mexico. Flowers greenish or reddish, 
clustered, arranged in simple or panicled racemes. Basal 
leaves rosulate, ascending, lanceolate, glaucous, seabrous 
on the margins; stem-leaves bract-like. ‘ 
B. Toneliana (Tonel’s). The correct name of the plant described 
on p. 184, Vol. L, as B. Tonelii. 
BESLERIA. About fifty species have been 
described, natives of tropical America, from Brazil and 
Peru to the West Indies and Mexico. To those given 
on pp. 184-5, Vol. I., the following should be added. 
Several species formerly included here are now referred to 
Alloplectus, Brunfelsia, Episcia, and Tussacia 
(which see). - 
Besleria—continued. 
B. leucostoma (white-mouthed). fl. clustered in the axils; 
corolla jin. long, the tube tawny-orange, laterally compressed 
beneath near the white limb. April. J. oblong or almost ovate- 
lanceolate, acuminate, crenate-serrated, penninerved. A. lft. 
Colombia. Syn. Hypocyrta leucostoma (B. M. 4310; F. d. 8. 257). - 
BESOM WEED. See Thlaspis. 
BESSERA. Pharium fistulosum (B. BR. 1546) is 
synonymous with B. elegans. 
BETULA. This genus comprises about twenty-five 
species, broadly dispersed over Europe, Central and North 
Asia, and North America. Leaves alternate, toothed or 
serrated, rarely incised, penniveined. To the species and 
varieties described on p. 186, Vol. I., the following should 
be added: 
B. acuminata (taper-pointed), of Ehrhart. A synonym of B. 
populifolia. . 
B. acuminata (taper-pointed), of Wuallich. A synonym of B. 
alnoides. 
B. alba fastigiata (pyramidal). -A variety of free, distinct 
growth, in habit resembling the Lombardy Poplar. 
B. a. japonica (Japanese). A variety with greenish-bronze stems. 
Japan, 189: 
B. alnoides (Alnus-like). j., male and female spikes slender, 
pe 3in. to Sin. long, pendulous. 7. ovate or ovate-oblong, 
in. to 6in. long, cuneate, rounded, or cordate at base, unequally 
doubly or trebly serrated, pubescent beneath when young. 
Temperate Himalayas. Syn. B. acuminata (of Wallich). 
B. alpina (alpine). A synonym of Alnus viridis. 
B. grandis (large). A synonym of B. alba. 
B. humilis (dwarf). A synonym of B. fruticosa. 
B. lanulosa (slightly-woolly). A synonym of B. nigra. 
B. Maximowiczii (Maximowicz’s). _/. widely oval, cordate at 
base, toothed, thin and almost menibranous, bright dark green 
above, yellowish-green below, larger than those of any other 
Birch, being as much as 53in. ine Bark bronzy-orange, smooth, 
peeling off in narrow scales and turning ashen-grey. h. 30ft. 
Japan, 1894. 
B. Medwediewi (Medwediew’s). l., catkins cylindrical, the 
males about jin, long, the females shorter. J. elliptic-ovate, 
acutely toothed, glabrous, the midrib beneath and the petiole 
ubescent. Branches glabrous. Trans-Caucasus, 1887. (R. G. 
887, p 384, f. 1-4.) 
B. occidentalis (Western). /., female catkins broadly cylin- 
drical; males l4in. long. J. 2in. to 2sin. long, broadly ovate- 
rhomboid, acute, of a harsh and dry but not thick texture, 
slightly lobed and with coarse and sharp serratures, paler 
beneath but never dotted. Main branches erect, somewhat 
twiggy, clothed with reddish-brown bark. hk. 6ft. to 10ft. 
Western North America. 
B. Vet ibaa occidentalis (Western). This variety differs 
from the type in having deciduous bark and larger and thicker 
leaves, which are shining above ; it comes true from seed. North- 
west America, 1898. 
B. pubescens (downy). A form of P. alba. 
B. pumila Grayi(Gray’s). J. roundish, shining green. British 
Columbia, 1890. 
B. pumila-lenta (hybrid). According to the authority quoted 
below, hybrids between the two species indicated by this name 
have originated in the Arnold Arboretum, 1895. &F 
p. 243, f. 36; I. H. 1895, p. 243, f. 36.) 
B. Raddeana (Radde’s). j., catkins ovoid-oblong, 3in. to lin. 
‘long. J. small, ovate, acutely toothed, pubescent beneath on the 
nerves and in the angles of the nerves. Young shoots softly 
pubescent. Caucasus, 1887. (R. G. 1887, p. 384, f. 5-11.) 
BEURRERIA. A synonym of Bourreria (which 
see). 
BHOTAN PINE. See Pinus excelsa. 
BIARUM. Bentham and Hooker included Ischarum 
(see p. 201, Vol. II.) under this genus, which thus 
embraces about a dozen species, found in the Mediterranean 
region, especially in the Orient. To those described on 
p. 187, Vol. I., the following should be added: é 
B. Bovei (Bove's). l., spathe tube green, the blade greenish 
outside, deep seas within, lanceolate, three or four times 
longer than the tube. 7. varying from ovate to elliptic- 
oblong, abruptly contracted or narrowed to a long“petiole. 
Anatolia, &c. 
B. B. Blumei (Blume’s). J. ovate-oblong. Asia Minor, 1860. 
Syns. Ischarum crispulum, I. Kotschyi. 
B. carduchorum. (/1., spathe sub-sessile, Sin. to 6in. long, 
green, spotted wfth purple on the outside, blackish-p C) 
within; spadix blackish, slender, nearly as long as the Boss S 
v. short, spathulate-lanceolate, forming a small cluster from 
ede Mattes! 
