——- =. 
1900 SUPPLEMENT—RECENT INTRODUCTIONS, &C. 145 
Biarum—continued. 
the centre of which the spathe rises. 
syriacum (R. G. 1891, p. 657, f. 124). 
B. eximium (choice). /., spathe tube green, jin. long, the 
limb purplish and minutely spotted outside, dark purple 
within, 34in. long, at length revolute; spadix appendage 
2sin. to 3in. Jong; peduncle very short. /. ovate-oblong or 
elliptic-oblong, lin. to 34in. long, narrowed to the petiole. 
Asia Minor, 1854. Syn. Ischarwm eximium. 
B. Spruneri (Spruner’s). /l., spathe purple and greenish, the 
tube 14in. long, the limb lanceolate, Sin. to 4in. long; peduncle 
ljin. to 2in. long. J. spathulate-lanceolate, long-narrowed 
-into the petiole. Greece, &c., 1894. Plant having the habit 
of B. tenuifolium. 
BIBIO MARCI. See St. Mark's Fly. 
BICORONA. A synonym of Melodinus (which 
see). 
BICUSPIDATE. Having two cusps or points. See 
Cuspidate. ‘ 
BIDENS. Syn. Pluridens. Nearly 100 species haye 
been described, but probably not more than fifty are 
entitled to rank as such; they are broadly dispersed over 
the temperate and warm regions of the globe. To those 
described on p. 187, Vol. I., the following should be 
added. It is a perennial, but in this country is best 
treated as a half-hardy annual. . 
B. atrosanguinea. The correct name is now Dahlia Zimapani. 
B. humilis (dwarf). /.-heads yellow, eg ee aren solitary ; 
ray florets jin. long. Summer. JZ. irregularly bipinnately five- 
parted ; lobes linear-lanceolate ; petioles ciliated. Stems almost 
procumbent. Cotopaxi, 1861. 
BIEBERSTEINIA. Orv. Geraniacex. According 
to Bentham and Hooker, this genus embraces three 
species, natives of Central or Western Asia. Flowers 
yellow or whitish, in rather long, pedunculate racemes, 
regular ; sepals five, imbricated; petals five, hypogynous, 
imbricated; stamens ten. Leaves stipulate, pinnate or 
pinnately dissected. 
BIENNIALS. From June till August is the usual 
time to sow Biennials—the earlier the better, as they then 
stand a chance of making nice plants before winter sets in. 
For sowing, a border should be chosen with an aspect other 
than a southern one, so that the seedlings do not receive 
the full rays of the scorching summer sun; the soil should 
be moderately rich, deeply dug, and free from weeds. 
The seeds are best sown in drills, as the hoe can then be 
used for keeping down weeds, and also for keeping the 
surface open—a point which is often greatly overlooked in 
the cultivation of plants of all kinds. After sowing, a 
good watering should be given through a fine rose, 
so as not to disturb the seeds, and a thin shading of 
tiffany or other light material should be thrown over, to 
keep the soil from drying up too quickly; great care, 
however, must be taken to remove this as soon as the 
seedlings break through the soil. When large enough, 
they should be transplanted into rows a few inches apart ; 
this must be done before they get overcrowded in the seed- 
bed, and they will then make strong sturdy plants, and 
will lift with good balls of soil when removed to their 
permanent quarters. 
The time for permanent planting varies from the end of 
September to March, some preferring to plant in the 
autumn, because then the weather is usually much milder 
than in early spring, and if carefully planted they get a 
good hold of the new soil before winter sets in. On the 
other hand, those who wait until spring before planting 
have this advantage, viz., that the plants are all kept 
together, and if a spell of exceptionally hard weather is 
experienced they may be much more easily protected by 
haying some dry leaves or other light material thrown 
lightly amongst them, than if scattered about the beds and 
borders. 
With regard to the after-treatment, uses, &c., of these 
plants, the remarks under Annuals may be taken as 
applying equally to Biennials. A large number of hardy 
Vol. V. 
Syria, 1891. Syn. Arun 
Biennials—continuwed 
annuals are very otten treated as Biennials by being sown 
in the autumn of one year for flowering the following 
spring. 
The following list of Biennials may be of service: 
Anchusa capensis (Cape Forget-me-Not), half-hardy, invalu- 
able for summer-bedding; Beta Cicla variegata (Chilian 
Beet); Dell’s Crimson-leaved Beet; Campanula mediwm 
(Canterbury Bell), the single forms of which are popularly 
known as Cup-and-Saucer Canterbury Bells, whilst the 
double ones are known as the Hose - within - Hose 
Campanulas; Celsia cretica, Chamepeuce diacantha and 
CO. Casabone, Dianthus barbatus (Sweet William), 
Glaucium luteum, Hedysarum coronarium, Humea 
elegans, Lavatera arborea variegata, Lunaria annwa 
(L. biennis), Meconopsis nepalensis and M. Wallichii, 
Papaver nudicaule, Stocks (Bromptons and Queens), 
Verbascum olympicum and V. phlomoides, and Wallflowers 
(Chetranthus). 
BIFOLIUM. A synonym of Maianthemum (which 
see). 
BIFRENARIA. About ten species, natives of 
Brazil, Guiana, and Colombia, compose this genns. 
These plants do well when grown in the cool inter- 
mediate house under similar conditions to those recom- 
mended for Lyeastes. ‘To those described on p. 187, 
Vol. I., the following should be added: 
B. atropurpurea (dark purple). jl. 2in. across when spread out, 
fragrant ; sepals and petals dull claret-red, stained yellowish in 
the centre; lip bright rose, suffused with white, incurved at the 
sides, reflexed at theapex ; scapes three- to five-flowered. J. oblong- 
lanceolate, 6in. to 10in. long. Pseudo-bulbs 2in. to din. long. 
Brn Janeiro, 1828. SYN. Mazillaria atropurpurea (L. B. C. 
1877). 
B. aurantiaca (orange), of gardens. A synonym of B. inodora. 
B. bella (beautiful). A synonym of Colia bella. 
B. Charlesworthii (Charlesworth’s). fl. yellow, with a few 
reddish-brown spots on the lip, about jin. long ; scape 6in. long, 
bearing about six flowers. J. Sin. long. Pseudo-bulbs quad- 
rangular, l4in. long. Brazil, 1894. Allied to B. racemosa. 
B. Hadwenii. The correct name is Scuticaria Hadwenit. 
B. Harrisoniz (Mrs. Harrison's). jl. Sin. across ; sepals and 
petals creamy-white, large and fleshy, the lateral ones with a 
spur-like base ; lip purple, yellowish at base, purple-veined out- 
side, the inner surface streaked red ; scape one- or two-flowered. 
1. solitary, large, oblong-lanceolate, plaited. Pseudo-bulbs pyri- 
form, tetragonal. Brazil. Syns. Colax Harrisonie, Dendrobium 
Harrisonie (H. Ee F. 120), Lycaste Harrisonie, Maxillaria 
Harrisonice (B. M. 2927; B. R. 897; P. M. B. ii. 196). 
B. H. alba (white). jl. white; sepals slightly tinged green, the 
lower sides of the lateral ones faintly dotted red; side lobes of 
the lip reddish-purple, veined with deeper red, the middle lobe 
red-purple, hairy, the spur-like portion greenish-white. Brazil. 
(R. G. 52, under name of Mazillaria Harrisonie alba.) 
B. H. eburnea (ivory-white). ., sepals and petals white; lip 
white, freely striped with crimson; throat yellow, striped 
purplish-red. April and May. Brazil. A chaste variety. 
(W. O. A. iii. 100, under name of Lycaste Harrisonie eburnea.) 
B. H. grandiflora (large-flowered). /l., inner surface of the lip 
wholly purple, except a narrow, yellowish border ; spur yellow, 
with a Son bold, purple stripes. 
B. H. purpurascens (purplish). /l., sepals and petals of a 
light plum-purple ; front lobe of lip a darker shade of the same 
colour, 
B. inodora (scentless). jl. about din. across ; sepals pale green, 
oblong, obtuse ; petals brighter, but smaller ; lip white, yellow, 
or dull rose-colour, three-lobed, the middle lobe hairy and reflexed, 
the side ones erect. Otherwise like B. Harrisonie. Rio de 
Janeiro, 1839. (R. X. O.i., t. 94, f.1.) Syn. B. aurantiaca, of 
gardens (W. O. A. ix., t. 386). 
B. racemosa (racemose). jl. pale, dirty straw-colour, with a 
white lip, slightly speckled with pale crimson; lateral sepals 
much elongated ‘at base; raceme few-flowered, pendulous. 
1. solitary, oblong, arched, three-ribbed, shorter than the scape 
Pseudo-bulbs small, aggregated. Brazil. Syn. Maxillaria 
racemosa (B. M. 2789; L. B. C. 1318). 
B. tyrianthiana (Tyrian). jl. reddish-purple, 34in. across ; dorsal 
sepal erect, the lateral ones broader, connate at base with the 
hairy foot of the column ; lip much smaller, stoutly clawed, three- 
lobed ; scape about three-flowered. /. 6in. long, 2in. to din. broad. 
Pseudo-bulbs 3in. long, three-angled. Brazil, 1893. (B. M. 7461; 
L., t. 446.) 
BIG BUD. See Currant-Bud Mite. 
