1900 SUPPLEMENT—RECENT INTRODUCTIONS, 
Billbergia—continued. 
lanceolate, lft. to 2ft. long, 2in. broad, horny in texture, con- 
nivent for lft., white-lepidote on the back, with a few transverse 
bands. Bahia, 1859. (B. H. 1860, t. 19; B. M. 5114.) 
B. Moreli. This is one of the finest species. SYNS. 
B. Glymiana (B. H. 1866, p. 134, t. 11), B. Wetherilli (B. M. 
4835), but not B. Moreliana. 
B. Moreliana is a synonym of B. vittata, not of B. Moreli. « 
B. Morreniana (Prof. Morren’s).* jl. borne in a lax, sub-erect 
spike Sin. to 4in. long, with a red, flexuous rachis; petals green, 
tipped with violet-blue, lin. longer than the calyx; peduncle 
shorter than the leaves, its bract-leaves red. December. J. eight 
to ten in a rosette, connivent in the lower 3in. to 4in., above 
lft. long, lin. broad, whitish on the back. Origin unknown; it 
flowered at Kew in 1887. Syn. B. Reichardti. 
B. nuptialis (nuptial). A garden synonym of B. Leopoldi. 
B. nutanto-Moreli (hybrid). jl. about a dozen; calyx rosy and 
blue ; corolla dark blue; peduncle adorned with numerous rosy 
bracts, long, slender, arching. 1885. A graceful and ornamental 
hybrid between B. nutans and B. Moreli, having the outer leaves 
narrow, as in B. nutans, and the inner ones broader, as in 
B. Moreli. Syn. B. Worleyana. 
B. pallescens, of Baker (B. M. 6342). The correct name of this is 
B. Bakeri. The B. pallescens of Koch (described in Vol. I.) 
is a variety of B. speciosa. 
B. pallida is a synonym of B. speciosa. 
B. Perringiana (Perring’s). A hybrid between B. Liboniana 
and B. nutans, having leaves like the former species and an 
inflorescence like the latter. 1890. (R. G. 1890, p. 145, t. 1318.) 
B. polystachya (many-spiked), A synonym of dchmea 
distichantha. 5 
B. Porteana (Porte’s).* ., petals green, lanceolate, above 2in. 
long, rolling up spirally and disclosing the violet-purple 
filaments; spike loose, simple, drooping, 6in. to 8in. long; 
eduncle 2ft. long, with several bright red bract-leaves. August. 
., produced ones five or six in a rosette, erect, lorate, 3ft. to 4ft. 
long, dull green, tinted on the back with claret-purple, and trans- 
versely banded with white. Bahia, 1849. Plant stemless. One 
of the finest species. (B. H. 1876, p. 9, t. 1; B. M, 6670.) 
B. pyramidalis. Syn. Bromelia pyramidalis. 
B. p. bicolor (two-coloured). l. with the two colours (purple 
and red) not so much blended as in the type. 7. more dis- 
tinctly fasciated on the back. Rio Janeiro, 1829. (B. R 
1181.) Syn. B. bicolor (L. B. C. 1819). 
B. p. Croyiana (Croy’s). jl. more numerous, and peduncle 
longer, than in the type; petals red, edged with violet. 
1. erect, with conspicuous dorsal zones. (L. J. F. 413.) Syns. 
Achmea setigera, B. setosa (both of gardens). 
B. Quesneliana is now correctly known as Quesnelia cay- 
ennensts. 
B. Quintutiana (Quintut’s). A synonym of B. Sawndersiana. 
B. Rancougnei (Rancougne’s). /l., corolla bluish-green, tipped 
with indigo, 2in. long; stamens indigo; bracts rosy, woolly- 
tomentose at the base, together with the ovary and calyx; 
eduncle 3ft. high. 7. 3ft. long, 2sin. broad, spreading-recurved, 
Maly toothed. 1884. A hybrid, of which B. Liboniana is one 
of the parents. 
B. Reicharati (Reichardt’s). A synonym of B. Morreniana. 
B. rhodocyanea (red and blue), of Lemaire. A synonym of 
Aichmea Jasciata. i 
B. roseo-marginata (SyN. B. rubro-marginata) is now correctly 
known as Quesnelia ruja. 
B. Sanderiana (Sander’s). jl. 2in. long; calyx and corolla green, 
tipped with blue ; bracts rosy, with one to three flowers to each; 
panicle pendulous. » December. J. erect, broad, green, coria- 
ceous, obtuse, mucronate, armed with stout spines on the 
margins. South Brazil, 1885. A fine plant. (B. H. 1884, 1, 2.) 
B. sanguineum (blood-coloured). jl. few on a spike; calyx 
tube greenish; corolla much longer, scarlet, with violet-purple 
tips to the segments; bracts -scarlet, large, boat-shaped, 
occurring all along the spike. J. about 10in. long, deep 
vreen, With tiny grey spots, the marginal spines remote. 1893. 
‘Allied to B. Bruanti. 
B. Saundersiana. B. Quintutiana (R. G. 1890, p. 202, f. 49) 
is identical with this species. 
B. setosa (bristly). A garden synonym of B. pyramidalis 
Croyiana. 
B. speciosa (showy). The correct name of B. amena (B. H. 1875, 
tt. 1-4). Syn. B. pallida. B. pallescens (of Koch), B. Thun- 
bergiana, and B. Wigtiana are forms of this species. 
B. sphacelata (scorched). A synonym of Greigia sphacelata. 
B. splendida (splendid). A variety of B. thyrsoidea. 
B. Thunbergiana (Thunberg’s). A form of B. speciosa. 
B. thyrsoidea. This is scarcely more than a_ variety of 
B. a aes (B. H. 1873, p. 295, t. 17; L. J. I. t. 267; P. I. G. 
iii. t. 74.) 
B. t. Ee (ong-leaved). 7. longer than in the type, and 
narrowed gradually towards the apex. 
&c. 147 
Billbergia—continued. 
B. t. splendida (splendid). . bright-coloured, more numerous 
than in the type; bracts broader. Plant more robust. 1883. 
(L. J. F. tt. 181-2.) 
Other forms are Lemoinei, miniato-rosea, Paxtoni, rhodocyanea 
(of gardens, not of Lemaire), and Schultesiana. 
B. vexillaria (standard-bearing). jl. having petals ofa brilliant 
dark violet, obtuse and revolute at the tips. Jd. robust, 14ft. to 
2ft. one A garden hybrid between a variety of B. thyrsoidea 
and B. Moreli. 1889, (R. H. 1889, p. 467, f. 118 and plate.) 
B. viridiflora (green flowered).* jl. green, ina lax, ascending or 
cernuous raceme, 6in. to 12in. long; peduncle lft. to 14ft. long, 
with bright red, ascending bract-leaves. J. twelve to fifteen ina 
rosette, 14ft. to 24ft. long, l4in. to 2in. broad, connivent for lft., 
sometimes tinged with purple, the marginal prickles very minute. 
Brazil, 1854. A very distinct species, (B. H. 1874, tt. 1-2; 1876, 
tt. 20-21; F. d. S. 1019-20.) 
B. vittata. B. amabdilis (B. H. 1874, tt. 1-2), B. Moreliana 
(L. J. F. t. 136), B. zonata, and Tillandsia Moreliana are identical 
with this species. 
B. v. Rohani (Rohan’s). | 
A Arca el from the typical plant. 1890. 
B. vittato-Bakeri (hybrid). jl. pale flesh-colour, with violet 
tips; bracts bright rose, lanceolate ; peduncle shorter than the 
leaves, recurving, glabrous. J. 2ft. long, 2in. broad, recurving, 
lorate, obtuse, slightly channelled, rather thin, bordered with 
five distant teeth, bright green above, striated and with mealy- 
white zones below. 1884. A garden hybrid between the species 
indicated. Syns. B. Breauteana (R. H. 1885, p. 300), B. Cappei. 
B. vittato-nutans (hybrid). . few, ina lax, drooping spike; 
Meee bright violet-blue, twice as long as the calyx ; peduncle 
4ft. long, with many large, bright red, ascending bract-leaves. 
March. 7. a dozen or more ina rosette, lanceolate, lift. to 2ft. 
long, recurving from low down. Syns. B. intermedia and 
B. leodiensis (R. G. 563, f. 100-101). There is another form of this 
hybrid with shorter and stiffer leaves. 
B. Wetherilli (Wetherill’s). A synonym of B. Moreli. 
B. Windi (Wind’s). A synonym of B. decoro-nutans. 
B. Wiotiana is a form of B. speciosa. 
B. Wittmackiana (Wittmack’s). A garden hybrid between 
B. vittata and B. amena, 1891. (R. G. 1891, p. 328, f. 69.) 
B. Worleyana (Worley’s). A synonym of B. nutanto-Moreli. 
B. zebrina. B. farinosa and Bromelia zebrina (B. M. 2686) are 
identical with this species. 
B. zonata (zoned). A garden synonym of B. vittata. 
BILLIOTTIA (of Brown). 
(which see). 
BILLIOTTIA (of Colla). 
thammus (which see). 
This so-called variety is not dis- 
(R. G. 1890, p. 306» 
A synonym of Agonis 
A synonym of Calo- 
BINE. A climbing or twining stem; e.g., Wood- 
bine. 
BINECTARIA. A synonym of Imbricaria (which 
see). 
BIONIA. A synonym of Camptosema (which see) 
BIORHIZA APTERA. See Oak Galls. 
BIPINNATISECT. Having the divisions of a 
pinnatisect leaf themselves pinnatisect, i.e., cut to the 
midrib, but with sessile segments. 
BIRCHEA. A synonym of Luisia (which see). 
BIRD-OF-PARADISE FLOWER. See Stre- 
litzia. 
BIRDS. Popularly, all Birds are supposed to be 
beneficial to the gardener and the farmer. ‘That they are 
not, however, practical observation will tend to show. 
Many representatives of the Class Aves are working in the 
interests of the gardener; while a larger number are 
absolutely injurious. Then there is still a third section 
whose exact position as regards horticulture and agri- 
culture it is not easy to define. They are, perhaps, seed- 
eaters, or it may be fruit-eaters, and insectivorous—omni- 
yorous, in fact. The point to determine in this case is 
whether in the aggregate the damage in the one case is 
not more than counterbalanced: by the good in the other 
—often a most difficult matter for even the most 
experienced. Here it is only possible to give the most 
cursory glance at an interesting subject. We can only 
