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152 
THE DICTIONARY OF GARDENING, 
BLADDER RUST, or WEYMOUTH PINE 
RUST (Peridermiwm Strobi). This is one of the 
Uredinex, or Rusts, and one, moreover, requiring two host- 
plants to complete its life-eycle—the Weymouth Pine 
(Pinus Strobus), or an ally like P. Cembra, and the Black 
Currant or other Ribes. At one time the latter stage was 
known to science as Cronartium ribicolum. So far the 
disease has not asserted itself sufficiently in England to 
cause undue alarm, yet it has been more than once 
recorded, notably by Dr. Plowright, of King’s Lynn, who 
has done so much towards working out the life-histories 
of these complex hetercecious fungi. In Germany the 
disease is commonly met with. 
So far as the Pines are concerned, the disease is confined 
to the twigs and branches on which bladder-like growths of 
a variable yellow colour appear; these yield spores which 
need only to come in contact with the leaves of some species 
of Ribes (like the Black Currant, already alluded to) in 
order to carry on the cycle. On these it forms a yellowish- 
red Rust yielding uredospores, and later a crop of 
teleutospores. The disease is of a debilitating nature, 
particularly to the Pines, whose affected branches die away 
and the needles are shed. Planters of the Weymouth Pine 
should exercise the greatest care when introducing new 
stock, especially that from abroad; and, when suspected, 
on no account should the two host-plants be kept in 
proximity—the latter a somewhat difficult matter in the 
aggregate, as they may be in neighbouring gardens, and 
thus the disease may be disseminated, as it were, 
unwittingly. 
BLADDER SEED. See Physospermum. 
BLADHIA. A synonym of Ardisia (which see). 
BLAKEA. Syn. Valdesia. About sixteen species, 
natives of Colombia, Venezuela, Peru, and the West 
Indies, are referred to this genus ; but only two have been 
introduced. ~ 
BLANCHING. See Chlorosis. 
BLANCOA (of Blume). A synonym of Didymo- 
sperma (which see). 
BLANDFORDIA. According to Bentham and 
Mueller (“Flora Australiensis”), there are only four 
distinct species of this genus, all Australian. To the 
information given on p. 193, Vol. I., the following should be 
added: 
B. aurea is a variety of B. flammea. 
B. cordata (heart-shaped). A synonym of Galax aphylla. 
B. Cunninghami is synonymous with B. grandiflora. 
B. intermedia is synonymous with B. grandiflora. 
B. nobilis imperialis (imperial). #. bright orange-red, 
margined with golden-yellow, campanulate, very large. 1890. A 
fine variety. 
BLANEET LEAF. See Verbascum Thapsus. 
BLASTEMANTHUS GEMMIFLORUS. The 
correct name of Godoya gemmiflora. 
BLECHNIDIUM and BLECHNOPSIS. Included 
under Blechnum (which see). 
BLECHNUM. Including Blechnidiwm, Blechnopsis, 
and Salpichlena. This genus comprises abont a score 
species of closely-related Ferns, widely diffused through- 
out tropical and South temperate regions. 
The genus Blechnwm is composed of mostly handsome- 
growing plants, of strong habit, very useful for’ decorative 
purposes, although there are also included in it several 
dwarf kinds that are particularly adapted for growing 
in Fern-cases or in shallow crevices in the rockery. 
The pretty little evergreen, B. Lanceola, is one of those 
particularly adapted for planting in Fern-cases, where it 
thrives admirably, and where the contrast between the 
bright dark green of the upper surface of its fronds and 
the continuous central band of deep brown formed by 
the sori is very conspicuous and attractive. 
Blechnum—continued. 
Like the Lomarias, to which they are closely allied, 
but from which they differ in not producing separate fertile 
fronds, the Blechnums are mostly hardy and of rapid 
growth. They have a particular dislike to water over 
the fronds, which causes them to turn first brown and 
then black in a very short time, unless the plants are in 
a very light, warm, and well-ventilated place, which, to a 
certain extent, counterbalances the effects of the super- 
fluous moisture by not allowing it to remain on the 
foliage long enough to injure it. Blechnums will thrive in 
almost any compost, but their fronds become stouter, and 
have more consistency, when grown in a mixture of two 
parts peat, one part loam, and one part sand, with good 
drainage, taking care that the roots never suffer from 
want of water. Propagation is usually effected by means 
of the spores, which are produced in abundance, and which 
germinate yery freely when sown in heat. 
Fic. 175. BLECHNUM OCCIDENTALE. 
Be occidentale (Fig. 175), a stove species, is one of the 
best-known and most-appreciated among Ferns of dwarf 
habit, probably on account of its easy cultivation and 
the lasting qualities of its elegant fronds, which remain 
fresh a very long time in water, when used for mixing 
with cyt flowers. Besides, it has for years been used in 
many establishments for growing amongst orchids, to 
which it forms a very effective background or undergrowth, 
the more so that it is a plant never infested by pests of 
any sort, and that it grows as well in coarse sand, gravel, 
or moss as in the best compost. To those described on 
pp: 193-5, Vol. I., the following should be added: 
B. corcovadense (Corcova). A variety of B. brasiliense. 
B. Gilliesii (Gillies’). A synonym of Lomaria procera. 
B. glandulosum (glandular). A synonym of B. occidentale, 
B. gracile (slender). A synonym of B. longifolium. 
B. latifolium (broad-fronded). A synonym of B. longifolium. 
B. lo: olium (long-fronded). This variable stove plant is very 
well shown at Fig. 176. 
B. melanopus (dark-footed). sti. dark chestnut-brown. fronds 
lanceolate, Sin. to 9in. long, 2in. to Sin. broad ; pinne numerous, 
narrow-faleate, coriaceous, lsin. long, 4in. broad, dually 
narrowed towards the apex and enlarged at the base, the lowest 
becoming gradually shorter and mére obtuse. sori disposed in a 
