170 
THE DICTIONARY OF 
GARDENING, 
Cabbage Caterpillars—continued 
Patches of Cabbages should be watched in early summer, 
and hand-picked as far as possible. This, however, is only 
applicable to comparatively small gardens. The plants 
should also be dusted with a mixture of lime and soot, in 
nearly equal parts, the former preponderating. All eruci- 
ferous weeds should be removed from gardens and burned. 
The gardener should also look well for the chrysalides in 
the positions already indicated, and destroy any found. 
He is materially assisted in keeping all the above 
Cabbage Caterpillars at bay by insectivorous birds. Still 
Fig. 185. MALE, FEMALE, CATERPILLAR, AND CHRYSALIS OF 
GREEN-VEINED WHITE BUTTERFLY (Pieris napi). 
. 
greater assistance, however, is given by certain hyme- 
nopterous parasites, whose larve live parasitically in the 
bodies of the larve and pup of these Pieridz. The 
parasitic larve subsist upon the lymph of their unfortunate 
host, which, after a time, usually sickens and dies, and the 
yellow cocoons of the ichneumon-fly are laid upon both 
larve and pupe of “White ” Butterflies. These cocoons 
should never be removed. Apanteles glomeratus is one 
of the most useful hymenopterous parasites in keeping 
these Butterflies in check. 
CABBAGE GALL WEEVIL 
(Ceuthorrhynchus 
sulcicollis). 
The eggs of this very common Beetle are 
deposited in early summer, and the grubs hatch out in | 
about ten days. They at once set to work, and galls 
of about the size of Hazel-nuts are eventually formed. 
When full-fed, the grubs pupate in the soil, or it may 
be in the roots of the attacked plant. Many preparations 
have been advocated (of which gas-lime is very effective 
if applied before the grubs have had time to ensconce 
themselves in the roots), but preventive as well as 
remedial measures must be adopted if thorough success is 
to be attained. Collectors of Beetles know that the 
Cabbage Gall Weevil—continued. 
Cabbage Gall Weevils are to be found early in the season in 
Charlock. This should always be removed and burnt when 
in the neighbourhood of Turnip and~ Cabbage crops. . 
All Cabbage stumps should also be similarly served 
instead of being consigned to the rubbish-heap, as is usually 
done. See also Turnip Galls, Vol. IV. 
CABBAGE PALMETTO. See Sabal Palmetto. 
CABBAGE ROSE. See Rosa centifolia. 
CABBAGE-TREE. Thisname is applied to Andira 
inermis as well as Euterpe oleracea. 
CABBAGING. Another name for Heading or 
. Hearting (which see). 
CABOMBA. The two or three species composing this 
genus are all American. Flowers white or yellowish, 
small, on long, solitary, axillary pedicels; sepals three. 
petaloid; petals three, hypogynous; stamens six. Sub- 
merged leaves palmately dissected ; floating ones peltate. _ 
CACABUS (from kakabos, a red earthen pot; with the 
prefix hali, this name was originally applied to Physalis 
Alkekengi, in reference to the red inflated calyx). SYNs. - 
Dictyocalyx, Streptostigma, Thinogeton. Orv. Solanacex. 
A genus embracing about five species of diffuse, prostrate, 
or ascending, stove or greenhouse annuals, natives of 
Western tropical and sub-tropical America, being mostly 
found on the sea-coasts. Flowers violet or white-and- 
violet, solitary, rather large; calyx shortly five-cleft ; 
corolla campanulate or broadly funnel-shaped, with a five- 
angled, plicate limb. Berry watery, shorter than the 
inflated calyx. Leaves long-petiolate, deeply sinuate- 
toothed. (. prostratus (Syn. Physalis prostrata) has been 
introduced, but is probably not now in cultivation. 
CACALIA SALICINA. A synonym of Bedfordia 
salicina (which see). 
CACAO. See Theobroma Cacao. 
CACARA. A synonym of Pachyrhizus (which see). 
CACCINIA (named in honour of G. Caccini, an 
Italian savant). Syn. Anisanthera (of Rafinesque). ORD. 
Boraginez. A small genus (five species) of hardy, 
perennial herbs, natives of the Orient. Flowers pedicellate, 
at length scattered; calyx five-cleft ; corolla salver-shaped, 
with a slender tube and five spreading lobes ; stamens five ; 
racemes elongated, bracteate. Nutlets four, or by abortion 
fewer. Leaves altefmate, the margins scabrous-ciliated. 
C. glauca, the only species in cultivation, thrives in any 
fairly good soil, and may be propagated by divisions. 
C. glauca (greyish). 1. in racemose cymes; calyx lobes greenish- 
brown ; corolla tube not exserted, the lobes violet-blue, turning 
red, 4in. long, oblong-lanceolate. 2. 4in. to 8in. long, shortly 
petiolate, or the upper ones sessile, elliptic-oblong, sparsely , 
tubercled. Stem below as thick as the thumb. h. lft. to ft. 
Persia and Afghanistan, 1880. (B. M. 6870.) 
CACONAPEA. A synonym of Herpestis (which 
see). 
CACTI may be described as herbs, shrubs, or trees, 
with soft flesh and copious watery juice. Root woody, 
branching, with soft bark. Stem branching or simple, 
round, angular, channelled, winged, flattened, or 
cylindrical; sometimes clothed with numerous tufts 
of spines, which vary in texture, size, and form very 
considerably ; or, when spineless, the stems bear numerous 
dot-like scars, termed areoles. Leayes very minute, or 
entirely absent, falling off very early, except in Pereskia 
and several of the Opuntias, in which they are large, 
fleshy, and persistent. Flowers solitary, except in Pereskia, 
and borne on the top or the side of the stem; they are 
composed of numerous parts or segments; the sepals and 
petals are not easily distinguished from each other; the 
calyx-tube is joined to, or combined with, the ovary, and 
is often covered with scale-like sepals and hairs or spines; 
the calyx is sometimes partly united so as’ to form a tube, 
