194 
Caraguata—continued. 
C. Beleana (Dr. Le Béle’s). ‘Us white, disposed in a compound, 
divaricate panicle; corolla about 2in. long; peduncle about 2ft. 
high. 7. circinate, 2ft. to 24ft. long, bright green, acuminate, 
dilated at base, lepidote on the unde?-surface. Origin unknown, 
1891. (R. H. 1891, p. 114, f. 27.) 
C. cardinalis (scarlet). A variety of C. lingulata. 
C..conifera (cone-bearing). l., corolla pale yellow, above 2in. 
long, just overtopping the bright scarlet bracts; head dense, 
conical, 8in fo 10in. Jong 5 pedunele erect. J. lanceolate, acute, 
bright green, 2ft. to 3ft. long, 24in. to 3in. broad, forming a dense 
rosette, Ecuador, 1894. (B. M. 7359.) i 
C. Devansayana (Devansay’s). The correct name of Guzmania 
Devansayana. 
Cc. Fuerstenbergiana (Fuerstenberg’s). _ji., corolla whitish, 
ljin. long; spike simple, multifarious, 2in. to din. long, the 
bracts bright red. July. J. about fifteen in a rosette, lanceo- 
late, 12in. to 16in. long. Andes of Ecuador, 1883. 
Cc. Lindeni. The correct name of Massangea Lindeni. 
Schlumbergeria Lindeni (B. H. 1883, p. 121, tt. 10-12), 
C.lingulata. The following are varieties of this species, with 
Jarger and more brightly-coloured outer bracts than the type: 
C. Splendens (BF. d. 8. 1091), C. cardinalis (I. H. 1880, t. 674). 
C. magnifica (magnificent). /l., corolla yellow, 4in. longer than 
the calyx; panicle 14ft. to 2ft. long, many-branched; bracts 
reddish-yellow, l4in. long. J. thirty in a rosette, pliable, lanceo- 
late, above lft. long, 14in. to 2in. broad, tinged with claret- 
brown, A garden hybrid between C. Zahnii and some robust 
Tillandsia. 
C, magnifica (magnificent, of gardens). ‘A synonym of C. Osyana. 
C. Melinonis (M. Melinon’s). /1., corolla yellow, lin. long; 
inflorescence a dense, simple, oblong spike, Sin. long; peduncle 
shorter than the leaves; bracts red. J. densely rosulate, lft. 
long, 14in. to 2in. broad, lorate, tinged with brown beneath. 
French Guiana, 1879. Syn. Guzmania Melinoki. 
C. Morreniana (Morren’s). jl. yellow, in alarge, compact head; 
bracts bright red ; flower-stem 4in. to 6in. long . Tosulate, 
l6in. to 2Qin. long, 2in. broad, with recurved, acuminate tips ; 
outer ones dark green, gradually passing, by being shaded and 
tinted with violet, into the violaceous floral ones. Rio Cuiaquer, 
Colombia, 1887, (R. H. 1887, p. 12.) 
C. musaica (mosaic). (B. M. 6675; I. H. 1877, t. 268.) The correct 
name, according to Baker’s classification, of the plant described 
by Morren under name of Massangea musaica (which see, 
on p. 335, Vol. IL.). 
C. Osyana (Baron Edouard Osy’s). jl. axillary, solitary, shorter 
than the bracts; corolla yellow, twice as long as the calyx, 
clavate-tubular, sub-arcuate, the tube elongated, the lobes erect ; 
bracts orange-salmon, imbricated, reflexed ; spike compact, stro- 
biliform. J. coriaceous, 14ft. long, lanceolate, somewhat chan- 
nelled. Stem erect, short, robust. Ecuador, 1885. (B. H. 1885, 
p. 254, tt. 16-17.) Syn. C. magnijica (of gardens). 
C. Peacockii (Peacock’s). jl. white, densely spicate; stem 
covered with bright purple bracts, the upper ones rolled round 
the flowers. J. lft. long, bronzy-purple above, rosy-purple 
beneath, forming an ample rosette. Probably Andine, 1885, 
C. sanguinea (blood-coloured).* jl. clustered at the base of the 
centre of the rosette of leaves ; corolla 24in. to 3in. long, the tube 
yellowish-white, long, clavate, the three segments white, ovate. 
November. J. ina dense rosette, lanceolate, acute, faleate, thin, 
the lower part green, the upper half or two-thirds strongly 
tinged with bright red on both sides, the outer leaves 1ft. or more 
in length. Colombia, 1880, Plant stemless. (B. M. 6765; 
R. H..1893, p. 468.) 
C. Schlumbergerii (Schlumberger’s). The correct name of 
pe es Morreniana. SYN. Massangea Morreniana (of 
gardens). 
Cc. serrata (saw-toothed). A garden synonym of Karatas Schere- 
metiewii. 
C. splendens (splendid). A variety of C. lingulata. 
C. straminea (straw-like). The correct name of Schlumbergeria 
Morreniana. 
C. virescens (greenish). (B. H. 1879, p. 360, t. 19.) The correct 
name of Schlumbergeria Roezlii, Pitcairnia virescens, and Puya 
virescens (B. M. 4991) 
CARALLIA. Syns. Diatoma, Petalotoma, Sym- 
metria. Seven species are included in this genus; but 
C. lancexfolia and C. lucida are the only ones that have 
been introduced, and probably they are now lost to 
cultivation. 
CARALLUMA. This genus includes about half-a- 
dozen species, natives of India and Arabia. To those 
described on p. 265, Vol. I., the following should be added: 
Cc. campanulata (campanulate). 7. disposed ina terminal umbel ; 
corolla reddish-brown, velvety, star-shaped, the limb lin. across, 
flat. July. Branches ascending, four-angled, pale green, about 
SYN. 
THE DICTIONARY OF GARDENING, 
Caralluma—continued. 
gin. in diameter. Ceylon, 1890. (B. M. 7274; G. C. 1892, xii, 
p. 369, f. 61.) 
C. Luntii (Lunt’s). l. yellowish-green, spotted with purple, lin. 
in diameter, five-lobed. Stems quadrangular, smooth, 8in. high, 
gin. thick, conspicuously toothed, marbled with purple. Southern 
Arabia, 1894, 
CARANDAS. See Carissa Carandas. 
CARAPICHEA. Asynonymof Cephaelis (which see). 
CARBENTIA (compounded of the first syllables of 
Carduus benedictus, on which plant the genus was 
founded). Syn. Cnicus (of Gertner). Orv. Composite. 
A monotypie.genus. The species is a handsome, dwarf, 
hirsute or pubescent, annual herb, admirably adapted 
for the shrubbery, and thriving in any ordinary soil. 
C. benedicta. Blessed Thistle. jl.-heads pale yellow, sessile, 
lin. high; involucral bracts in few ranks, abruptly tipped 
with an aristiform or spinescent and _ pectinately prickly 
appendage. /. blotched and marbled with silvery-white, sinuately 
pinnatifid or laciniate-toothed, the teeth or margins weakly 
prickly. South Darope and North-west America. SyNs. Centaurea 
benedicta, Cnicus benedictus. 
CARBONATE OF LIME. Chalk, shell-sand, and 
marls are all forms of Carbonate of Lime. . The marls also 
contain a certain proportion of potash and of phosphoric 
acid. These forms of Lime added to lands deficient in 
this substance have proved of great value: they are 
capable of neutralising the organic acids contained in sour 
soils, and form .a valuable plant-food for many garden 
crops; they exert a decided beneficial mechanical influence 
upon stiff soils, besides consolidating light, sandy soils, 
liberating the potash, and forming the valuable double 
silicates. Marls are particularly useful in the cultivation 
of Roses. 
CARDAMINE. Dentaria (see Vol. I., p. 458) and 
Pteroneurum (see Vol. III., p. 246) are included here by 
Bentham and Hooker. As many as sixty species, inhabiting 
the temperate and cold regions, are referred to this genus. 
CARDAMOMUM. A synonym of Elettaria (which 
see). 
CARDIOLOPHUS. 
(which see). 
CARDIOSPERMUM (from cardia, the heart, and 
sperma, a seed; in allusion to the prominent, white, heart- 
shaped scars on the seed, which indicate its point of 
attachment). Orp. Sapindaceez. A genus embracing 
upwards of a dozen species of climbing shrubs or herbs, 
natives of tropical and temperate regions. C. Hali- 
cacabum (Heartseed or Heart Pea) is largely used 
medicinally, and its leaves as a vegetable by the natives. 
The species have no horticultural value. 
CARDOPATIUM (from kardia, a heart, and pathos, 
suffering; formally employed medicinally in cases of heart 
disease). Syn. Brotera. Orb. Composite. A small genus 
(two species) of half-hardy, perennial, Thistle-like herbs ; 
one is a native of North-west Africa and the other is found 
in the Orient. Flower-heads blue, very numerous, sub- 
sessile, disposed in a dense, leafy, very spiny corymb ; florets 
equal; involucre ovoid-oblong, with the bracts in many 
series; receptacle small, densely bristly; pappus palex 
numerous, in one or two series. Leaves alternate, once or 
twice pinnatisect, the lobes spiny. C. corymbosum is a 
useful plant for associating with tall subjects or for placing 
at the back of borders in ordinary soil, and only requires 
protection from frost. Propagated by division. 
C. corymbosum (corymbose). /l.-heads ovate-conical; florets 
eight to ten. J., radical ones oblong, pinnately parted ; cauline 
ones narrower, gradually diminishing. Stems di- or trichoto- 
mously-branched, densely corymbose. h. lft. Greece, &c., 
1871. (R. G. 692.) Syn. Carthamus corymbosus (S. F. G. 844). 
CARDUNCELLUS. Syn. Onobroma (of Gzrtner). 
A synonym of Herpestis 
_About fourteen species, mostly natives of the Mediterranean 
region, are included in this genus. Leaves alternate, spiny- 
toothed or lobed. 
