210 
THE DICTIONARY OF GARDENING, 
CAULIFLOWERS. For autumn sowing the best 
are: Early London, Eclipse, Dwarf Erfurt, and Veitch’s 
Autumn Giant. The last-named is a most reliable variety, 
as it never fails to form good heads the following summer, 
even in the hottest weather, when other varieties are 
failures in that respect. For spring sowing all those pre- 
viously mentioned are valuable, as are also Harly Snowball, 
First Crop, Dwarf Mammoth, and Walcheren. 
CAUTLEYA (named in honour of Major-General Sir 
P. Cautley, F.G.S., 1802-1871, joint author, with Dr. 
Falconer, of the “Fauna antiqua sivalensis”). ORD. 
Scitaminezx. A monotypic genus, included by some 
authorities under Roscoea. The species is a stove, peren- 
nial herb, requiring similar treatment to Alpinia (which see). 
C. lutea (yellow). /. 1sin. to 2in. long; calyx red-purple, tubular, 
two-cleft at mouth; sepals linear-oblong, obtuse, concave, the 
dorsal one erect, the lateral ones reflexed ; corolla golden-yellow, 
the tube exserted; lateral staminode like the dorsal sepal, erect, 
the tips incurved; spike 4in. to 8in. high. August. J. Sin. to 
10in. long, narrow-lanceolate, with a slender tip, bps green 
above, paler or suffused or streaked red-brown beneath. Stems 
8in. to 18in. high, tufted, erect, leafy. Himalaya, 1887. (B. M. 
6991.) SyNs. Roscoea gracilis, R. lutea. 
CAVENDISHIA. This is now the correct name of 
Proclesia (which see), according to Bentham and Hooker. 
To the species described on p. 225, Vol. III., the following 
should be added : 
C. spectabilis (showy). 1. white, shaded with pink, tubular, 
slightly swollen below, when in bud covered with rosy-carmine 
bracts; racemes compressed. J. oblong, acuminate, bright 
reddish-bronze when young, changing to bright green. Colombia, 
, 1889. A handsome, somewhat climbing shrub. 
CEANOTHUS. This genus embraces about twenty- 
eight species, all North American. To those described on 
p- 285, Vol. I., the following should be added : 
C. americanus variegatus (variegated). A garden variety, 
having the leaves bordered with yellow. 1889. 
C. axillaris (axillary). . pale lilac tinged with rose, in axillary 
and terminal thyrses. Summer, J. ovate-lanceolate, rounded- 
obtuse, dark green above, white-tomentose beneath. 1876. A 
form of C. azureus. (R. H. 1876, f. 14.) 
C. Baumannianus (Baumann’s). A synonym of C. micro- 
phyllus. 
C. Delilianus (Delile’s). This differs from C. azwreus in having 
flowers of a paler blue, and larger leaves lightly pubescent 
beneath. Origin unknown. Syn. C. pulchellus. 
C. elegans (elegant). A synonym of C. thyrsiflorus. 
C. Fendleri (Fendler’s). 1. snow-white, disposed in short, 
terminal racemes. .J. varying from narrowly oblong to elliptic, 
fin. to lin. long, somewhat narrowed and cuneate at base, 
obtuse or acute at apex, dark glossy green above, silky below. 
Colorado, 1893. A half-hardy, much-branched, thorny bush. 
C. Fenolleri is apparently a misprint for C, Fendleri. 
C. Fenolleri, See C. Fendleri. 
C. Fontanesianus (Fontanes’). A synonym of C. ovatus. 
C. laniger (wool-bearing). A synonym of Pomaderris lanigera. 
C. ovalis (oval). A synonym of C. ovatus, 
C. ovatus (ovate). jl. usually on short peduncles. 7. narrowly 
oval or See ere colatey lin. to 2in. long. h. 2ft. to 3ft. Other- 
wise like C. americanus. Texas, &c., 1888. Hardy. Syns. C. 
Fontanesianus, C. ovalis. 
Cc. prostratus (prostrate). jl. bright blue, in axillary clusters, 
borne on stout peduncles. J. din. to lin. long, obovate or oblong- 
cuneate, spinose usually only at the apex, one-ribbed, very thick, 
borne on short, slender petioles. Oregon, 1889. A hardy, 
prostrate, nearly glabrous shrub. 
C. pulchellus (rather pretty). A synonym of C, Delilianus. 
C. thyrsifiorus (see towered) jl. bright blue, in dense, sub- 
compound panicles, terminating the usually elongated and some- 
what leafy Reales. t. oblong to oblong-ovate, lin. to 14in. 
long, rather thick, usually smooth and shining above, canescent 
beneath, glandular -serrulated. Branches strongly angled. 
California, 1861, A hardy, tall shrub or small tree. (G. C. 
1896, ii., p. 363, f. 75.) SYN. C. elegans (I. H. 1860, t. 268). 
CEBATHA. A synonym of Cocculus (which see). 
CECIDOMYIA, or GALL MIDGES. Orp. Diptera. 
This is a genus of delicate-looking flies, whose wings 
contain very few nervures. The majority of the larve live 
in plants. Some are responsible for the peculiar Gall 
formations found upon the foliage of Limes, Willows, and 
many other trees; others deform the roots, the buds, the 
flowers, or even the stems. Yet others produce no Galls, 
Cc. a. fastigiata (pyramidal). 
Cecidomyia —continued. 
but are destructive by living upon cereals, after the 
manner of the wheat pest known as the Hessian Fly 
(Cecidomyia destructor), which causes such widespread 
injury to cereal and grass crops in America and in Europe. 
It is only since 1886 that it has been regarded as a British 
insect. The name Hessian Fly was bestowed upon the 
insect by Americans, who suggested that it was introduced 
into that country with the straw used by the Hessian 
troops in 1778. The larvz of certain species are remark- 
able as possessing a curious horny appendage upon the under- 
surface known as the breast-bone or anchor-process, the 
exact use of which is not known. Besides the injurious 
species there are others which may be considered beneficial, 
as they are carnivorous, feeding upon Aphides and Mites. 
CECROPIA. Nearly forty species have been referred 
to this genus, but, according to the authors of the 
“Genera Plantarum,” this number might be considerably 
reduced; they inhabit tropical America, from Brazil to 
Mexico. Flowers diccious, in numerous, very dense, 
cylindrical spikes on a common, axillary peduncle; male 
spikes thick; females slenderer. Fruit oblong, included 
in the very slender perianth. Leaves alternate, long- 
petiolate, large, peltate. To the species described on p. 285, 
Vol. I., the following should be added : 4 
C. dealbata (whitened). J. large, soft, pubescent, palmate, light 
green above, glaucous beneath. Colombia, 1887. A fine Snake- 
wood, of ornamental character. 
C. frigida is rare in cultivation. 
CEDAR, PRICKLY. See Cyathodes acerosa. 
CEDAR, SHARP. See Acacia oxycedrus and 
Juniperus oxycedrus. 
CEDRUS. According to Sir J. D. Hooker, this genus 
is monotypic, with three marked forms, one (C. Libani, the 
typical form) Oriental, another (C. atlantica) Algerian, 
and the third (C. Deodara) Himalayan. 
As the variegated forms cannot be depended upon to 
reproduce themselves from seed, propagation by artificial 
means must be adopted. The common Cedars form suit- 
able stocks upon which to graft the ornamental varieties. 
The Larch, too, may be used as a stock, but it is inferior to 
the Cedars. In its early stages the Larch is very vigorous 
in growth, but with age plants that have been worked upon 
it present a rather unsightly appearance. Side-grafting is 
easy and effective. February is the best month for the 
operation. The scions should be taken from healthy trees 
and plunged in a warm (not too close) propagating-case, 
and shaded from the sun. When they have made a few 
inches of growth they should be hardened off, and kept 
growing in pots until they are planted out the following 
spring. A neat stake should be placed against each plant, 
and the leader secured to it. If the side-shoots grow too 
vigorously, they may be shortened a bit, in order to con- 
centrate all the energies into the principal growth. 
To the information given on pp. 285-7, Vol. I., the 
following should be added : 
Cc. atlantica aurea (golden). A variety with golden leaves. 
It is constant. 1897. The typical species is shown in Fig. 223. 
A garden shrub or tree of 
ro aii with ascending branches. 1890. (R. H. 1890 
p. 32, f. 9. 
C. a. glauca (bluish-green). In this variety the leaves are of a 
glaucous-silvery hue, being thus very distinct from the deep 
green of the normal form. 
C. a. pendula (pendulous). A drooping form. 
Other varieties are: aurea, columnaris, pyramidalis, and varie- 
gata, 
, 
C. Deodara. Other, varieties are: aurea, com; , crassifolia 
(eaves short and stout, less ornamental than the type), Hugeli, 
uncinata, variegata, viridis, and Youngi. 
C. Libani decidua (deciduous). This only differs from the type 
in partially shedding its leaves during autumn. 
Cc. L. pendula (pendulous). A variety with gracefully pendent 
branches. Other varieties are: denudata, fastigiata, glauca, 
pendula, hybrida, pyramidata, stricta, and viridis. ’ 
