212 
Celery Stem Fly—continued. s 
the crop has been lifted the quarters should receive a 
dressing of quicklime, which should be well incorporated. 
Dusting with soot has also proved beneficial. 
CELMISIA (so called after Celmisius, who was said 
to be the son of the nymph Alciope, from whom the 
name of a nearly-related genus .is derived). Orb. 
Composite. A genus embracing about twenty-five species 
of greenhouse or hardy, more or less silvery-silky, Aster- 
like, perennial herbs; one inhabits the Auckland and 
Campbell Islands, the rest are natives of New Zealand, one 
being also found in Australia. Flower-heads heterogamous, 
large, radiate; involucre broadly campanulate or hemi- 
spherical, the bracts many-seriate, imbricate; scapes (or 
scape-like peduncles) one-headed. Leaves all radical, 
rosulate, simple, entire or toothed, frequently covered 
with appressed, white or buff tomentum. Four species have 
been introduced. For culture, see Olearia. 
C. coriacea (leathery). jl.-heads 14in. to 3in. in diameter; ray 
florets white, excessively numerous ; disk yellow ; scapes very stout, 
cobwebby and cottony. J. 10in. to 18in. long, 4in. to 24in. broad, 
lanceolate, coriaceous, narrowed into broad, woolly sheaths, 
covered above with cottony hairs, below with dense white-silvery 
tomentum. New Zealand. Hardy. Syn. Aster coriacea. 
C. Lindsayi (Lindsay’s). l.-heads lin. to 2in. in diameter; ray 
florets thirty to forty, white, three-toothed at apex ; disk yellow. 
7. 2in. to 4in. long, oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, very coriaceous, 
dark shining green above, white beneath. Stems densely tufted, 
3in. to 6in. long. New Zealand, 1890. Hardy, but requires 
protection from damp. (B. M. 7134.) 
C. Munroi (Munro’s). _jl.-heads lin to lin. across; ray florets 
white; disk golden-yellow ; scape longer than the leaves, stout. 
Stem short, crowned with a thick mass of erect and recurved, 
linear-lanceolate"leaves 3in. to Sin, long and 4in. to Zin. broad. 
New Zealand, 1896. Whole plant, except the upper surface of 
the leaves and florets, clothed with snow-white, appressed wool. 
Greenhouse. (B. M. 7496.) 
C. spectabilis (remarkable). /fl.-heads 2in. in diameter; ray 
florets white or Lect lilac, very numerous, revolute; disk yellow, 
scapes several, stout, stiff, erect, longer than the leaves. May 
7. numerous, strict, erect, usually Sin. to 7in. long, 4in. to lin. 
broad, thickly coriaceous, ensiform, elliptic-lanceolate, or linear- 
oblong, narrowed at base, then dilating into broad, tumid 
sheaths 2in. to 4in, long. Rootstock woody. Mountains of New 
Zealand, 1882. Hardy. (B. M. 6653.) 
CELOSIA. Syns. Lophowera, Sukana. - About thirty 
species, natives of the warmer parts of Asia, Africa, and 
America, are comprised in this genus. To the information 
given on pp. 289-90, Vol. I., the following should be added. 
Giant Empress, brilliant purple combs; and Vesuvius, 
with golden yellow combs and the upper part bright red, 
are two showy varieties. 
Cc. margaritacea (pearly-white). 
A synonym of C. argentea. 
Cc. pyramidalis. Sir J. D. Hooker regards this as synonymous 
with C. cristata. 
CELSIA. Including Ianthe. This genus embraces 
about thirty species, natives of South Europe, North 
Africa, Abyssinia, Western Asia, and India, To the 
species, &c., described on p. 290, Vol. I., the following 
variety should be added. See also Alonsoa. 
Cc. Arcturus Linnzana (Linneus’). fl. yellow, with a purplish 
throat. Syn. C. sublunata (B. R. 438). 
Cc. sublunata (partly woolly). A synonym of C. Arcturus Lin- 
neana. 
CCELTIDEZ. A tribe of Urticacez (which see). 
CELTIS. This genus embraces about fifty species, 
broadly distributed over tropical and temperate regions. 
To those described on p. 290, Vol. I., the following should 
be added : 
C. orientalis (Eastern). A synonym of C. Tournefortti. 
Cc. reticulata (netted). 7. obliquely cordate-ovate, acuminate, 
acute, or obtuse, more or less oblique at base, very rough above, 
and very strongly reticulate-vemmed beneath. Texas, 1890. 
CENARRHENES (from kenos, empty, and arrhen, 
a male; in reference to the stamen-like glands). Orp. 
Proteacexz, A monotypic genus. The species, C. nitida, 
is a greenhouse shrub or tree, native of Tasmania. It has 
small flowers in axillary or terminal spikes, and alternate, 
toothed leaves 3in. to 6in. long. It has been introduced, 
but is not in general cultivation. 
THE DICTIONARY OF GARDENING, 
CENIA (from kenos, empty; in allusion to the bladder- 
like apex of the peduncle). Syn. Lancisia. Orb. Com- 
posite. A genus embracing about eight species of small, 
hairy, greenhouse or hardy annuals or perennials, natives 
of South Africa. CO. turbinata (Syn. C. pruinosa) has been 
introduced, but it is not of much horticultural value 
(R. H. 1892, f. 36). 
CENTAUREA. Star Thistle. Including Cyanus and 
Plectocephalus. Most of the species of this large genus are 
found in the Old World, only about three being American. 
Leaves radical or alternate, entire, or often toothed, cut, or 
once or twice. pinnatisect. To the species described on 
pp. 290-2, Vol. I., the following should be added : 
Cc. Amberboi (Amberbo'’s). A synonym of C. suaveolens. 
Cc. argentea (silvery). /jl.-heads pale yellow; involucral scales 
pectinate-ciliated at apex. July. J. silvery-tomentose, ant 
innatisect, Fern-like. Stems sub-erect. Crete, 1759. Half- 
ardy perennial, very effective when plunged in pots in bedding 
arrangements. 
C. Clementei (Clemente’s). l.-heads yellow, of no_ beauty. 
Summer. J. all silvery-grey ; radical ones pinnatipartite, with 
ovate-triangular, sub-aristate lobes; cauline ones few, sessile 
Stems erect, branched. A. 3ft. Spain, 1871. Hardy perennial. 
Cc. gymnocarpa (naked-fruited). (#.-heads pink or purple. 
August. J. petiolate, elegantly cut, clothed with whitish, satin- 
like down. Stems branching, bushy, hard. A. 1sft. South 
Europe, 1858. Half-hardy under-shrub. 
C. Jacea (Jacea). jl.-heads purple or rarely white; involucre 
ovate-globose, the outer scales having a ciliatéd appendix. 
Summer. J., radical ones somewhat toothed; eauline ones 
lanceolate, entire. Stems erect, branched. A. lift. to 2ft. 
Central Europe. Hardy perennial. 
C. Margarita (Margaret’s). A synonym of C. odorata alba. 
C. odorata alba (white) A variety with white, sweet-scented 
flower-heads and of dwarf habit. 1893. Syn. C. Margtrita. 
Cc. orientalis (Oriental). jl.-heads straw-yellow; involucre sub- 
globose, the scales pale or fuscous, long-pectinate-ciliated. 
Summer. J., lower ones petiolate, pinnatipartite, the lobes 
linear-lanceolate and often pinnatifid; upper ones pinnatifid 
or lanceolate, obtusely mucronate. Stems erect, branched. 
h. 2ft. to 3ft. Siberia, 1759. Hardy perennial, very floriferous. 
C. phrygia (Phrygian). (.-heads reddish-violet, sub-globose, 
sessile amongst the uppermost leaves; involucral scales black, 
scariose. July and August. 7. oblong, acuminate, scabrous, 
undivided, entire or mucronate-toothed ; lower ones petaiees; 
uppermost ones sessile, almost eared. Stem erect, simple, 
pllose-scabrous. A. 2ft. Switzerland, 1633. Hardy perennial. 
C. rutifolia (Rue-leaved). j.-heads at first pale flesh-coloured, 
afterwards reddish ; involucral scales ciliated, sulcate, spiny- 
mucronate. Summer. 7. 6in. to 8in. long, snowy-tomentose, 
interruptedly bipinnatisect ; uppermost ones spathulate. Bul- 
garia. Hardy perennial. 
CENTAURIDUM. A 
(which see). 2 uf 
CENTIPEDES. These animals may be considered of 
benefit to gardeners. See Myriapoda. 
CENTRADENIA. This genus embraces about five 
species, natives of Central America. To those described 
on p. 292, Vol. I., the following should be added: 
C. floribunda (abundant-flowered). fl. of a lilac-rose colour, 
disposed in terminal panicles. 7. ovate, entire, slightly 
Ghigne, a on the nerves beneath. Stemsred. Guatemala. 
(FB. d. 8. . 
C. inzquilateralis (unequal-sided). 
C. rosea. 
Cc. ovata (ovate). jl. pink; petals obovate ; cymes terminal, 
trichotomous, many-flowered. J., three-nerved, petiolate, ovate, 
acute, glabrous, shining, pale beneath. Stems and branches 
erecto-patent. Central America, 1861, 
synonym of Xanthisma 
The correct name of 
CENTRANTHERA. Included under Pleuro- 
thallis (which see). 
CENTRANTHUS. Syn. Kentranthus. About 
eight species, natives of the Mediterranean region, are 
comprised in this genus. 
CENTRATHERUM (from kentron, a spur, and 
ather, an awn; the pappus consists of stiff awns). Sywns. 
Ampherephis, Amphibesis, Crantzia, Spizia. Orv. Com- 
posite. A small American genus (five or six species) of 
stove or greenhouse, diffuse, branched or rarely erect 
herbs, of which two have spread over the warmer parts 
