es 
1900 SUPPLEMENT—RECENT INTRODUCTIONS, 
CERATOPTERIS. Eaton, in his excellent work 
on North American Ferns, says OC. thalictroides “is an 
annual, growing from the spore, forming its prothallus 
with the antheridia and archegonia producing its embryo, 
and growing first into a plantlet with minute, obovate 
fronds, and soon into a mature plant, buoyed up by 
the spongy leaf-stalks of its fronds, and later on sending 
up into the air fully-developed sterile and fertile fronds, 
and at last dying and contributing its proportion of decaying 
vegetable matter to its native lagoons.” In a cultivated 
state the spores must be preserved; they require to be 
sown early in the spring, in some very moist loam, where 
they will germinate and grow freely. When sufficiently 
strong, the seedlings should be plunged into the water so 
that the little crowns are quite covered. The plant may 
also be increased by pegging on to the surface of moist 
soil the numerous bulbils with which its barren fronds are 
quite covered, and which soon produce a crop of young 
plants of rapid growth. It succeeds best when the pot 
containing it is plunged to the rim in water of a uniform 
temperature of from 60deg. to 65deg. 
CERATOSANTHES (from keras, keratos, a horn, 
and anthos, a flower; in allusion to the shape of the 
blossoms). Orp. Cucurbitaceer. A small genus (two or 
three species) of slender, climbing, stove herbs, with 
large, tuberous roots, natives of the. warmer parts of 
America and the West Indies. Flowers racemose. 
Leaves palmately lobed. CO. tuberosa (B. M. 2703) has 
been introduced, but is probably no longer in cultivation. 
CERATOSPERMUM (of Persoon). A synonym of 
Eurotia (which see). 
CERATOSTEMA. The plant described on p. 80, 
Vol. Il., as Gonocalyx pulcher is probably a species of 
this genus. 
CERATOSTIGMA (from keras, keratos, a horn, and 
stigma, a stigma; alluding to the stigmas being beset 
with short, horn-like excrescences), Syn. Valoradia. 
Orv. Plumbaginez. A small genus (three or four species) 
of greenhouse or hardy, perennial herbs or shrubs; one 
is Chinese, another Himalayan, and one or two are 
Abyssinian. Flowers densely capitate-spicate at the tips 
of the branches; calyx tubular, glandless, deeply five- 
cleft, the lobes narrow; corolla salver-shaped, the tube 
long and slender, the limb of five obtuse or retuse, 
spreading lobes. Leaves alternate, obovate or lanceolate, 
more or less setose-ciliated. Only one species calls for 
mention here. It thrives in ordinary garden soil, and 
may be increased by divisions. 
Cc. eran (Plumbago-like). The correct name of the 
plant described on }; 169, Vol. IlL., as Plumbago Larpente 
(F. d. S. 307). Syn. Valoradia plumbaginoides (B. M. 4487). 
. CERATOTHECA (from keras, keratos, a horn, and 
theke, a case, a capsule; in allusion to the horned fruit). 
Syn. Sporledera. Orv. Pedalinez. A small genus (two 
species) of erect, pubescent, stove or greenhouse (? always) 
annual herbs, natives of tropical and South Africa. Flowers 
solitary in the axils, shortly pedicellate: calyx five-parted 
or deeply five-cleft; corolla tube enlarged above, the limb 
sub-bilabiate, with spreading lobes; stamens four, didy- 
namous. Leaves opposite, or the upper ones alternate, 
ovate, toothed. C. triloba, the only species in cultivation, 
is probably a biennial. Seeds should be raised in heat, 
and the plants, when strong enough, removed to the green- 
house. Rich loam, a sunny position, and plenty of water 
when growing, are essentials to success. 
C. triloba (three-lobed). fl. in opposite pairs, shortly pedicel- 
late, with a minute, imperfect flower at the base of each; calyx 
erect ; corolla pale violet-purple, with darker streaks, Jin. long, 
pilose. September. J. polymorphous, the lower ones long- 
etiolate, varying from broadly ovate-cordate to broadly 
riangular and three-lobed, crenate, the broadest leaves 8in. 
across; floral ones narrowly ovate, shorter than the flowers. 
Stem 5ft. high. Natal, 1886. (B. M. 6974; G. C. 1887, ii., p. 492.) 
ae, 215 
CERATOZAMIA. Syn. Dipsacozamia. The half- 
dozen species comprised in this genus are only found in 
Mexico. 
CERBERA. Tanghinia (described on p. 8, Vol. IV.) 
is included hereunder by Bentham and Hooker. The 
genus includes about four species, natives of Madagascar, 
tropical Asia, and the Pacific Islands; several others 
formerly classed under Cerbera being now referred to 
Kopsia, Ochrosia, Tabernemontana, and Thevetia. 
C. Tanghin (the native name). The correct name of Tanghinia 
venentfera. 
CERCIDIPHYLLUM (derivation not explained). 
Orv. Magnoliacex. A monotypic genus. The species, 
C. japonicum, is a tree or shrub, which proves hardy on 
walls in our more Southern districts. It thrives in any 
fairly good soil, and may be increased by seeds or by 
layers. At present it is rare in cultivation. 
CERCIS. To the species described on p. 298, Vol. I., 
the following should be added : 
C. occidentalis (Western). jr., pods oblong, very obtuse, 
shortly apiculate at apex, scarcely stipitate. J. almost reniform, 
very obtuse. A. 15ft. Texas. Shrub. 
CERCOCARPUS. Five species, natives of California 
and Mexico, are referred to this genus. Flowers sessile, 
shortly pedicellate, solitary or fascicled, axillary or 
terminal; calyx tube persistent, pedicel-like, the limb 
deciduous, five-lobed; petals wanting; stamens fifteen to 
twenty-five. Leaves alternate, petiolate, simple, entire or 
serrated, straight-nerved. To the species described on 
p- 298, Vol. I., the following should be added: 
c. Je cea (Birch-leaved). A synonym of C. parvifolius 
glaber. 
C. parvifolius (small-leaved). . solitary or in pairs, on short 
pedicels, recurved. June. fr. having a very long, densely 
plumose tail. J. scarcely lin. long, cuneiform-obovate, silky- 
pubescent or at length nearly glabrous above, tomentose- 
canescent beneath, toothed towardstheapex. Rocky Mountains, 
1881. A low, half-hardy shrub. 
C. p. glaber (glabrous). jl. two to six in a fascicle. April 
7. about 2in. long, nearly glabrous above. California, 1885. 
About twice as large as the type. Syn. C. betulifolius. 
CERCOSPORA. A genus of very destructive fungi, 
several species of which are common in Europe and in 
America. The genus is chiefly characterised by olive- 
coloured, worm-like septate conidia. All the more impor- 
tant species have been briefly described and treated under 
the various plants affected. For instance, C. circwmscissa 
is dealt with under Peach Fungi, Vol. Il1.; it is, how- 
ever, not entirely confined to the Peach, being found upon 
the Apricot, Cherry, Nectarine, and the Almond. In those 
countries, too, where the last-named is extensively grown, 
the trees suffer considerably owing to their premature 
defoliation. Allusion has already been made to the pale 
spots which form upon the foliage. After a time, however, 
the diseased portions frequently collapse, leaving holes, 
which has gained for the disease the common name of Shot- 
Hole Fungus. 
Another very common species in America is C. apii, 
which causes the Leaf-Spot or Leaf-Blight of Celery. In 
this disease the leaves are first noticed to bear small, 
greenish-yellow spots, which gradually increase in size 
and change to brown. Eventually the leaves assume 
a most unhealthy look, and fall. 
C. Blozami is found in this country upon Turnips and 
other Orucifere. C. beticola is responsible for the Leaf 
Spot of Beet so common in the United States; C. lilacis 
for a disease of Lilac (Syringa); and C. angulata for the 
Leaf-Spot of Currant. 
From very careful experiments in the case of the species 
affecting Celery and the Peach, the best way of controlling 
the disease is to spray early in the season with a solution of 
Ammoniacal Carbonate of Copper (see Fungicides); while 
for the Beet a weak solution of Bordeaux Mixture may be 
tried in early summer as in the other cases. All infected 
leaves, fruits, and shoots should be burned. 
