1900 SUPPLEMENT—RECENT INTRODUCTIONS, 
Gate 24a 
CLADIUS PADI. See Rose Sawfies. 
CLADIUS PYRI is the name scientists have bestowed 
upon a most destructive species of Sawfly infesting the 
leaves of both Pear and Plum, and, like many other 
members of the same family, it is unfortunately double- 
brooded, appearing in spring and autumn. The perfect 
insects are on the wing towards the end of April, and the 
eggs are laid on the under-surfaces of the leaves of the 
food-plant. They hatch out in rather more than a month, 
and the young larye at once commence to feed upon the 
leaves. Unlike many Sawflies—that infesting the Cob-nut, 
for instance—they are seldom observed either when feeding 
or when at rest, for in the latter condition they remain 
eurled up in the under-sides of the leaves of their food- 
plant. There is, however, ample evidence of their presence, 
as the epidermis of the leaves attacked is entirely removed, 
while a little later large holes are made. 
As soon as these larve are detected a sheet should be 
procured, and the branches of the trees lightly tapped, as 
the insects will fall to the ground on the slightest alarm. 
Syringing such trees with soapsuds will also make it 
unpleasant for any that remain, and also cause the insects 
to drop to the ground, a sheet having been arranged for 
their reception. From this they may be easily collected 
and despatched. If allowed to remain, the larve, when 
full-fed, spin a cocoon in the soil, and in that pupate, the 
perfect insects emerging as before noted. The remedies 
recommended under Gooseberry and Currant Sawfly 
will also be found useful. 
eo A synonym of Scaphyglottis (which 
see). 
Fic. 262. FLOWERS OF CLARKIA ELEGANS FLORE-PLENO. 
CLADOSPORIUM DENDRITICUM. See Apple 
and Pear Scab and Pear Fungi. 
oe ee FULVUM. ‘See Tomato Leaf- 
ust. 
CLADOSTYLES. A synonym of Evolvulus (which 
see). 
CLAIRISIA. A synonym of Anredera (which see). 
CLANDESTINA. Included under Lathrza (which 
see). C. rectiflora is now known as L. Clandestina. 
CLAPPERTONIA. 
(which see). 
CLARCKIA. See Clarkia. 
CLARIONEA. A synonym of Perezia (which see). 
CLARKEIA. Also spelt Clarckia. Including Phxostoma. 
Four species, natives of North America, form this genus. 
These very effective annuals are very largely employed 
for borders. Old kinds like C. elegans have been 
improved by the florist, and we now have forms that for 
effect surpass it easily—Purple King, Salmon Queen, Tom 
Thumb Rose, and White Queen. 
C. elegans flore-pleno, There aresome lovely double-flowered 
forms, white, pink, and violet. They are more ornamental than 
the singles (see Fig. 262). 
A synonym of Honckenya 
CLASS. In botany this term is used for a group of 
related natural orders. 
CLASSIFICATION. 
CLAUSENA. C. Wampi is the correct name of Cookia 
punctata. 
CLAVICEPS PURPUREA. See Ergot Fungus. 
CLAVIFORM. The same as Clavate (which see). 
CLAVIJA. Syns. Horta, Zacintha (of Vellozo). About 
twenty-five species, all tropical American, are here included. 
To those described on p. 336, Vol. I., the following should 
be added : 
C. Ernstii (Ernst’s), jl. pendulous, fin. long; corolla fleshy, the 
disk apricot-colour; racemes 2in. to 4in. long, drooping, many- 
flowered. July. 7. clustered at the ends of the branches, on 
long petioles, coriaceous, 12in. to l6in. long, 4in. to 6in. broad, 
pale beneath, elliptic-oblong, oblong-lanceolate, or oblanceolate, 
acute or sub-acute, entire. Trunk (in native specimens) 4ft. to 
5ft. high. Caraccas, 1879, (B. M. 6928.) 
C. cauliflora (SYN. Theophrasta antioquensis) has also been 
introduced. 
CLAY. The bringing of heavy Clay land into a good 
state of cultivation needs very careful management. The 
object should be to ridge up the ground in winter as rough 
as possible, and to expose as great a surface to the action of 
frost and wind as can be; the addition of strawy-manure, 
road-serapings, decayed vegetable matter, burnt refuse, or 
anything that will render the Clay more porous and friable 
will be of great service. Burning is a very expensive 
operation, and it is doubtful whether it would not be more 
profitable to drain and improve the soil by the addition 
of other things, than to burn the surface. 
CLAY-COLOURED WEEVIL. ‘ee Weevils. 
CLAYING. This consists in the addition of Clay to a 
light, porous soil, to make it heavier and more retentive of 
moisture, and to improve its staple generally. It is also 
occasionally used for lining a pond or lake to make it 
retain water which would otherwise filter away through 
the bottom and sides. In some parts this is termed 
‘* puddling.”” 
CLAYTONIA. About twenty-five species form this 
genus. To those described on p. 336, Vol. I., the following 
should be added : 
C. alsinoides (Alsine-like). 7. white, pedicellate, solitary or 
racemose; petals having two sharp teeth. March to June. 
1., radical ones petiolate, ovate, acuminate ; upper ones opposite, 
mucronate. Colombia, 1794. A form of C. sibirica. (B. M. 
1309.) 
CLEARWING MOTHS. See Sesia. 
See Botany. 
