1900 SUPPLEMENT—RECENT INTRODUCTIONS, &C. 247 
Clivia—continued. 
segments ascending, sub-equal, obtuse ; stamens inserted at 
the throat. Leaves numerons, distichons, persistent. Bulb 
imperfect, consisting only of the leaf-bases. 
Varieties. ACQUISITION, orange-scarlet; ADMIRATION, a com- 
bination of creamy-white and orange-scarlet; AMBROISE VER- 
SCHAFFELT, orange-red; CRUENTA, orange-red ; DISTINCTION, 
orange-red, with white base ; FAVOURITE, light orange-yellow, with 
ler throat ; LADY WOLVERTON, orange-yellow; MDLLE. MARIE 
YAN HOUTTE, orange-scarlet, with deep yellow centre; METEOR, 
orange-scarlet ; OPTIMA, orange-scarlet, banded with yellow, very 
large flowers; PRESIDENT, bright orange; STANSTEAD BEAUTY, 
soft orange ; SUPERBUM, orange-red. 
CLOT BUR. See Xanthium. 
CLOVE. A small bulb, springing from the axils of the 
scales of a larger bulb; e.g., a Clove of Garlic. 
CLOVER, CALVARY. See Medicago Echinus. 
CLUBBING and CLUB-FOOT. A disease of 
Cabbage and other Crucifere due to one of the so-called 
“Slime Fungi,” Plasmodiophora brassice. See Finger 
and Toes. 
CLUB GRASS. See Scirpus. 
CLURAS. Although C. miniata is still much grown, 
yet some of the garden varieties surpass it for general 
excellence. Some of the best of these are Acquisition, 
Admiration, Distinction, Fayourite, Lady Wolverton, 
Mdlle. Marie Van Houtte, Optime, President H. Rohan, 
and Van Honttei. Those who do not want named varieties 
will find in the seedlings some extremely beantiful kinds. 
CLUSIA. About sixty species, all tropical or sub- 
tropical American, are included in this genus. Flowers 
dicecious or polygamons, borne at the tips of the branches ; 
sepals four to six; petals four to nine. To the species 
described on p. 344, Vol. I.,.the following should be added : 
C. venosa (veined). #. white or purplish, shortly pedicellate ; 
petals four, about Zin. long; peduncles three- to five-flowered. 
fr. reddish, berry-like, ovoid, with resinous pulp. J. 3in. to 4in. 
long, rounded or almost truncate at the top, veined on both 
sides, sub-sessile. h. 30ft. West Indies, 1733. 
CLUSIACEZ. Lindley’s name for the Guttiferze 
(which see). 
CLUSTER. A popular term for bunches of Grapes, 
Currants, flowers, &c., but having no definite significance. 
CLUSTER CUPS. See Hcidium. 
CLUTIA. See Cluytia. 
CLYNHYMENIA. A synonym of Cryptarrhena 
(which see). 
CLYPEA. A synonym of Stephania (which see). 
CLYTIA is also spelt Clutia. Syn. Altora. 
CNEMIDIA. A synonym of Tropidia (which see). 
CNICUS. Horse Thistle; Plamed Thistle. Most of the 
species are found in temperate Asia, Europe, North Africa, 
and America, a few being broadly dispersed. To those 
described on p. 345, Vol. I., the following should be added. 
See also Chamzpeuce (which is included hereunder by 
Bentham and Hooker). 
C. oleraceus (pot-herb). 7.-heads whitish or yellowish-white ; 
involucral scales linear-lanceolate, acute, almost unarmed. July. 
7. amplexicaul-cordate, spiny-ciliated, and, as well as the branches 
and stem, glabrous; lower ones pinnatifid ; upper ones ovate, 
acute. h. 3ft. Europe, 1570. SyN. Cirsium oleraceum. 
C. rhizocephalus (rooting-headed). /l.-heads_yellowish, stem- 
less. J. very spiny, hairy. Caucasus, 1897. Syn. Cirsiwin 
rhizocephalum. 5 
C. Velenovskyi (Velonovsky’s). l.-heads red, beautiful, large, 
and numerous. J/. during the first year very much like those of 
Chamepeuce diacantha. Stems 44ft. high. 1896. A hardy biennial. 
Syn. Cirsium Velenovskyi. 
C. Provosti has also been introduced. 
CNICUS (of Gertner). A synonym of Carbenia (which 
see). 
CNIDIUM. A synonym of Selinum (which see). 
COAL. When within reasonable distance of the Welsh 
collieries, Anthracite Coal is probably the most economical 
fuel to use. It produces great heat with very little 
attention, is clean, smokeless, and, in addition, burns much 
longer than ordinary Coals. 
_COAL-ASHES. For heavy or tenacious soils these, 
if screened throngh a fine sieve before applying to the land, 
are valuable; they also act as gentle fertilisers, as they 
contain seyeral forms of plant-food. On light land, Coal- 
Ashes are not advisable, as they would render it still 
lighter. 
COBAMBA. A synonym of Canscora (which see). 
COCCANTHERA. A synonym of Codonanthe 
(which see). 
COCCINELLIDZ. Sce Beetles. 
_ COCCINIA. According to Bentham and Hooker, this 
is a synonym of Cephalandra (which see). 
COCCOCYPSELUM (also spelt Coccocipselum]. 
Syns. Condalia, Lipostoma. About sixteen species, 
confined to tropical America, are included in this genus. 
Berries blue, small, ovoid, two-celled, sometimes two- 
parted, many-seeded. To the species described on p. 346, 
Vol. I., the following should be added : 
C. buxifolium (Box-leaved). A synonym of Fernelia buaifolia. 
C. discolor (two-coloured). This species only differs from 
C. campanuliflorum in its fruit, which is a berry of an intense 
blue, crowned by the calyx. Brazil, 1882. 
Cc. hirsutum (hairy). J. sessile, six to eight in a head ; corolla 
pale violet. fr. dark violet, eDipeaids 4in. long, hairy, crowned 
with the subulate calyx-teeth. @. rather long-stalked, roundish- 
ovate, convex above, tinged with purple beneath. Stems 
prostrate, at length ascending. Central America, &c., 1860. 
Plant clothed with spreading hairs. (B. M. 7278.) Syn. 
ee ae of Morren (B. 1866, p. 194, t. xiii., xiv., 
. 3 to 5). 
C. repens (of Morren). A synonym of C. hirsutum. 
Cc. Tontanea (Tontanea). . white or blue; anthers shortly 
exserted; heads axillary, pedunculate, three- to five-flowered. 
cia pretty. J. ovate, somewhat acute, hairy-pubescent. Cayenne, 
Cc. 
COCCOLOBA. Nearly eighty species of trees or 
shrubs (sometimes tall-climbing), all American, and mostly 
tropical, are included in this genus. Flowers shortly 
pedicellate, spicate-racemose ; racemes simple or panicled, 
terminal or axillary. Leaves alternate, entire. To the 
species described on p. 346, Vol. I., the following 
should be added: 
Cc. macrophylla (large-leaved). 
Cc. platyclada (fiat-branched). 
platyclada. 
C. rugosa (wrinkled). /l. bright red, in a very dense, terminal, 
sub-sessile, erect raceme, 2ft. or more in length. July. /. distant, 
alternate, lft. or more in length, cordate-ovate, sessile, strongly 
nerved, wrinkled. Stem erect, simple or scarcely divided, 20ft. 
to 30ft. high, leafy from below to the top. Probably South 
America. Syn. C. macrophylla (B. M. 4536). 
COCCOTORUS SCUTELLARIS. See 
Insect Pests. 
COCCULIDIUM. A synonym of Cocculus (which 
A synonym of C. rugosa. 
A synonym of Muehlenbeckia 
Plum 
see). 
COCCULUS. Syns. Cebatha, Cocculidiwm, Epiba- 
terium, Leeba, Wendlandia (of Willdenow), This genus 
includes about ten species, inhabiting the warmer parts 
of North America, Africa, and Asia. 
COCCUS VITIS. See Vine Scale Insects. 
COCHLEARTIA. Includes Armoracia and Ionop- 
sidium (which see), according to Bentham and Hooker. 
COCHLIODA (from kochlion, a little snail ; in reference 
to the curiously-shaped callus). Op. Orchideex. A genus 
embracing about ten species of stove or greenhouse, ever- 
green, epiphytal Orchids, natives of the Andes. Flowers 
often red, disposed in loose racemes, pedicellate ; sepals 
equal, spreading, free, or the lateral ones more or 
less connate ; petals nearly similar; claw of the lip erect, 
the lamina spreading, the lateral lobes round and often 
reflexed, the middle one narrow, entire or emarginate, not 
exceeding the sepals ; column erect, often slightly incurved ; 
scapes one or two, springing from under the pseudo-bulbs. 
Leayes oblong or narrow, coriaceous, contracted into the 
