256 
THE DICTIONARY OF GARDENING, 
COLOCYNTH. Sce Citrullus Colocynthis. 
aia ala A synonym of Canarium (which 
see), 
COLORADO BEETLE. 
Vol, Il. 
COLPOON-TREE. Sce Elezodendron. 
COLQUHOUNIA. Three or four species, all natives 
of India, compose this genus. ‘To the information given on 
p. 363, Vol. I., the following should be added : 
Cc. tomentosa (R. H. 1873, p. 131) is synonymous with 
C. coccinea, 
C. vestita (clothed). According to Sir J. D. Hooker, this is 
merely a woolly variety of C. coccinea. 
COLUMBINE, FEATHERED 
See Thalictrum aquilegifolium. 
COLURIA.”* Lawmannia (of Fischer) is identical with 
this monotypic genus. 
COLUTEA. Eight or ten species have been described, 
but probably not more than half of them are distinct as 
such; they are found in Central and Southern Europe and 
in temperate and sub-tropical Asia: To those described on 
p. 364, Vol. I., the following should be added. See also 
Sutherlandia and Swainsona. 
C. arborescens melanocalyx (dark-calyxed). A variety 
Bovang the calyx and pedicles clothed with dark hairs. Asia 
inor, 5 
C. frutescens (shrubby). A synonym of Sutherlandia frutescens. 
C. longialata (long-winged). This species, which is probably a 
native of Asia Minor or the Balkan Peninsula, is closely related 
to C. arborescens. 1896. 
COLVILLEA (named in honour of Sir Charles Col- 
ville, Governor of the Mauritius). Orp, Leguminose. 
monotypic genus. This species is a stove, unarmed tree, 
thriving in any fairly good compost. Propagation is 
effected by cuttings, inserted in sand, under a bell-glass, in 
heat ; or by seeds when these are to be Had. : 
Cc. racemosa (racemose). (jl. bright scarlet, showy, much 
crowded; racemes axillary and terminal, lift. long, simple 
or branched, April and May. J. alternate, remote, spreading, 
oblong-ovate, 3ft. long, bipinnate, the lower ones reflexed; 
See Potato Beetle, 
or TUFTED. 
pinne twenty to thirty. pairs, opposite, 4in. long, with 
twenty to twenty-eight pairs of linear leaflets sin. long. h. 40ft. 
to 50ft. Mauritius. (B. M. 3325-6.) 
COMANTHOSPHACE. Okxp. Labiate. _A genus 
embracing four species of greenhouse or hardy under- 
shrubs, natives of Japan. C. japonica (B. M. 7463), a 
small plant’ with hoary branches and inflorescence, is 
grown at Kew, but is of no particular horticultural value, 
COMAROUNA ODORATA. A synonym of Dip- 
teryx odorata (which see). 
COMARUM. This genus is included by Bentham and 
Hooker under Potentilla (which see), the correct name 
of C. palustre being P. Comarum. 
COMATOGLOSSUM. A synonym of Talisia (which 
see). 
COMB FERN. See Schizea. 
COMBRETUM. Poivrea shonld be included here, 
according to Bentham and Hooker, The genus embraces 
about 120 species, common in tropical America, Africa, and 
Asia, and in South Africa, but not in Australia or Polynesia. 
C, coccineum (scarlet). ‘Lhe correct name of Poivrea coccinea. 
Cc. comosum (crowded). fl. of a beautiful intense scarlet, 
crowded on the elongated spikes, which form a _ compound 
panicle ; bracts lanceolate. May to August: J. i ec oblong, 
acute, entire, glabrous when adult, sub-cordate at base, shortly 
petiolate. Branchlets pubescent. h. 20ft. Sierra Leone, 1822. 
(B. R. 1165.) Syn. Poivrea intermedia. 
Cc. nanum (dwarf). jl. white; petals narrow-obovate, far ex- 
ceeding the sepals; raceme often sub-terminal and solitary, 6in. 
to Tin. ong i peduncle lin. to 2in. long. J. Enposiie or alternate, 
typically 4in. by 34in., but often smaller and narrower, varying 
from round-obovate to lanceolate, glabrous. Branches 6in. to 
18in. long. India, 1825, Plant decumbent. 
COMMELINA. Sxns. Ananthopus, Eralebia, Hed- 
wigia. About ninety species of this genus have been 
described ; they are all tropical or sub-tropical. Flowers 
blue, yellowish, or rarely white, rather small, in usually bifid 
cymes, emerging one at a time from a terminal, complicate 
or fannel-shaped or cucullate spathe, those of the upper 
branch of the cyme small, deciduous, those of the lower 
fertile; sepals three, membranous, the two inner often 
connate at base; petals longer, one larger and often 
clawed ; stamens three perfect and two or three imperfect. 
Leaves ovate, lanceolate, or linear. To the species 
described on p. 365, Vol. I., the following should be added : 
Cc. nudifiora (naked-flowered). jl. of a. showy cobalt-blue. 
Argentina, 1897. A compact-growing species. Syn. C. Sel- 
lowiana. 
C. pallida (pale). jl. blue; spathes oblong, acuminate, folded in 
two, pubescent. J. almost petiolate, oblong, acute, pubescent on 
both sides; sheaths violaceous, ciliated. Stem erect, branched, 
pubescent. Mexico. Syn. C. rubens. 
C. rubens (reddish), A synonym of C. pallida. 
C. Sellowiana (Sellow’s). A synonym of C. nudijlora. 
C. tuberosa (tuberous).* jl. sky-blue; spathes ‘ovate-cordate, 
long-acuminate, corduplicate, ciliated. June and July. J. oblong- 
’ lanceolate, acute; sheaths pubescent and ciliated. Roots 
tuberous. Mexico, 1732. Half-hardy perennial. 
COMMERSONIA (named in hononr of Philibert Com- 
merson, who died in 1727). Onp. Sterculiacee, A genus 
embracing about eight species of stove trees or shrubs, 
natives of tropical Asia and Australia, and closely allied to 
Rulingia. C. platyphylla (B. M. 1813) has been introduced, 
but is probably not now cultivated. 
COMMIA, A synonym of Excecaria (which see). 
COMMIANTHUS. A synonym of Retiniphyllum 
(which see). 
COMMIPHORA. A synonym of Balsamodendron 
(which see). ; 
COMMON SWIFT MOTH (Hepialus lwpulinus). 
Few insects are better known, at least by sight, than the 
commoner species of this genus, by reason of the peculiar 
oscillating, hovering flight which characterises the males. 
The majority of gardeners and farmers, however, do not 
appear to be aware of the destructive propensities at least 
of the insect here described. It is the commonest of 
the five species found in this country, and is quite as 
destructive as its near relative, the Ghost Moth 
H. Humuli). As with that insect, the caterpillars of the 
ommon Swift principally attack grass in meadows, lawns, 
and cricket-grounds, though they frequently forsake such 
food for Lettuce, Mint, Parsley, Cauliflowers, Brussels 
Sprout and other winter vegetables, as well as Straw- 
erries. 
The Moths are on the wing from the end of May until 
well into June. There is nothing conspicuous about their 
colouring, and though they are of fairly large size (1jin. to 
1jin. in wing expanse), they would readily escape obser- 
vation were it not for the irregular flight of the males at 
twilight when in search of their mates. The females are 
less frequently seen, preferring to lie hidden amongst the 
food-plants, where by an odour they exhale they attract the 
males. Pairing haying taken place, the eggs are laid, and 
this act is accomplished while the insects are on the wing 
and flying steadily along. These Moths are somewhat 
yariable as to colour, though usually brown or reddish- 
brown, with a whitish stripe from the tip to the inner 
margin, and another running from the base, while aboye the 
stripe is an elongated spot. 
The caterpillars are slender, yellowish-white, and about 
lin. long, and may be found’ from July at the roots of their 
food-plants, whioh quickly show signs of being preyed upon, 
They are very sensitive to the touch. The larvye have 
sixteen feet—six claw-fect, eight sucker-feet, and a pair 
situate at the hinder extremity of the body. They feed from 
July or August until spring, though they are somewhat 
susceptible to frosts. When full-fed they approach the 
surface of the soil, and become pup in loosely-constrncted 
silken cocoons, In this condition they are very restless, and 
may be observed wriggling about in their cocoons. They 
are yellowish-brown. 
To deal with these pests is somewhat difficult, feeding, as 
they do, beneath the roots. In the case of grass, however, 
* 
