1900 SUPPLEMENT—RECENT INTRODUCTIONS, &C. 275 
Currant Scale—continued. 
taken for anything else, and it would therefore serve no 
purpose to describe the Scale itself. This insect affects all 
varieties of Currants, and its presence is most undesirable. 
Remedial measures should be taken as soon as possible, 
weak Kerosene Emulsion being one of the best insecticides 
to spray on for Scale of any kind. 
CURRANT-SHOOT MOTH (Incwrvaria capitella). 
This is another of the small Moths (Tinew) whose larve 
injure fruit and other crops. As the common name 
indicates, the Currants in the present case are laid under 
contribution, though so far no one has found the pests upon 
the White varieties. At one time it was thought that only 
Red Currants were infested, but of recent years entomolo- 
gists have found the minute caterpillars in large numbers on 
Black Currant bushes. The species under notice is a very 
near relative of the Moth Lampronia rubiella, found upon 
the Raspberries. The first indication that the bushes are 
infested is shown towards the end of spring, and consists in 
a withering of the young shoots, caused by the persistent 
attacks of the larve on the pith. If such shoots are 
removed, it will be found that they contain the larve of this 
minute Moth. 
The perfect insects are on the wing at the latter part of 
May. They are very small (about gin. in wing expanse), 
and therefore readily escape notice. They are brownish, 
and usually have a purplish sheen, the somewhat sombre 
colouring being relieved by a pale yellow marking on each 
wing near the inner margin, and beyond are two conspicuous 
yellow spots. The hind-wings are greyish. Having paired, 
the female seeks a place to deposit her eggs. This she 
does within the fruits, these being pierced by means 
of an appendage with which she is provided. The 
eggs hatch ont, and the young larve for a time feed on the 
seeds, each fruit containing either one or two of the little 
pests. Evyenat this point there are indications of the attack 
of the insect, as the berries colour prematurely. If examined 
they will usually be found to contain the little grubs. They 
do not feed on the seeds after the end of June, but emerge 
therefrom, and spin a small white cocoon on the trees and in 
the neighbourhood of the fruit-buds. Here they remain 
until the next spring, when they come ont of their winter 
retreat and bore into the shoot, with what results has been 
already shown. The caterpillars are reddish, and so small 
when they are exposed that it would be practically impos- 
sible to see them. They are, moreover, not to be reached 
by insecticides once they have taken up their abode in 
the shoots. What, therefore, might be done is to syringe 
into the bushes something which, while it would not affect 
the fruit, would kill the larve. MKillmright or similar soft 
soap preparations would answer very well. At pruning 
time, too, the bushes should be carefully gone over with a 
glass, and if the insects’ presence be detected, all prunings 
should be carefully burned. 
CUSCUTA. Syns. Buchingera, Cuscutina, Cussutha, 
Engelmannia, Epilinella, Grammica, Lepidanche, Mono- 
gynella, Succuta. This genus includes about eighty species, 
broadly dispersed over the temperate and warmer regions 
of the globe. 
CUSCUTINA. A synonym of Cuscuta (which see). 
CUSP. A short, sharp point. 
CUSPARIA (from Cusparé, the Venezuelan name for 
the bark of Cusparia febrifuga, which yields a valuable 
febrifuge, now enumerated in the British Pharmacopeeia). 
Orv. Rutacer. A genus embracing about a score species 
of mostly small, stove trees, of Palm-like habit, with 
unbranched stems and a crown of handsome , 
leaves, natives of tropical America; it was 
included by Bentham and Hooker under 
Galipea, but is now considered distinct. 
Petals more or less completely combined, in 
some cases forming a vase-like corolla. The 
following species thrive in a compost of loam 
oa leaf-mould, and may be increased by 
seeds. 
C. heterophylla (variable-leaved). . borne in 
supra-axillary racemes, /. lanceolate, the mid- 
nerve slightly pubescent. J. three- to five- 
foliolate, borne on long petioles. Brazil. 
C. macrophylla (large-leaved). The correct 
name of Galipea macrophylla. 
Cusparia—continued. 
C. odoratissima (very sweet-scented). The correct name of 
Galipea odoratissima. 
Cc. undulata (waved). fl. white, about Zin. long, borne in 
racemes from the axils of the leaves, which overtop them. /. 
pao compound, with five leathery leaflets. Probably 
razil, before 1886. 
CUSSUTHA. A synonym of Cuscuta (which see). 
CUSTARD APPLE of the United States. See 
Asimina triloba. 
CUT-FINGER. See Vinca major. 
CUT-TOOTHED. Having deep and sharp teeth. 
CYAMUS. A synonym of Nelumbium (which see). 
CYANANTHUS (of Griffith) A synonym of 
Stauranthera (which see). 
CYANASTRUM (from kyanos, blue, and astron, a 
star; in allusion to the colour and form of the flowers). 
Orv. Hemodoracex. A monotypic genus. The species is 
a stove plant, not yet in general cultivation. 
C. cordifolium (cordate-leaved). jl. purple, stellate, lin, across, 
on short, erect scapes. J. cordate, 6in. long; petioles Yin. long. 
Rootstock creeping. Western Tropical Africa, 1894. 
CYANITIS. A synonym of Dichroa (which see). 
CYANOPHYLLUM. This genus is included, by the 
authors of the ‘‘Genera Plantarum,” under Miconia 
(which see). To the species described on pp. 414-15, 
Vol. I., the following should be added : 
C. aspersum (besprinkled). This species is something in the 
way of C. magnisicum, but the leaves are more elongated, and 
are coated with a most delicate down, which gives them a 
beautiful, velvety appearance. Habitat not recorded, 1895. 
CYANOTHAMNUS. Included under Boronia 
(which see). 
CYANOTIS. Syns. Tonningia, Zygomanes. Includ- 
ing Erythrotis. This genus is distributed over the warmer 
regions of the globe. 
C. vittata (striped). A synonym of Zebrina pendula. 
CYANOTRIS. A synonym of Camassia (which 
see). 
CYANUS. Included under Centaurea (which see). 
CYATHEA. Including Metarya. This genus, which 
embraces about eighty species, natives of tropical and 
sub-tropical regions, contains some of the most beautiful of 
all known Tree-Ferns. As regards the beauty of their 
foliage, they are equal in every respect to any Alsophila or 
Hemitelia, with which they are closely connected, while 
they offer a great variety in the sizes of their trunks; 
those inhabiting temperate regions, such as C. dealbata, 
C. medullaris, &c., are mostl, stout and destitute of spines, 
whereas most of the tropical kinds are slender compared 
with their height, and, in many cases, are densely armed 
with stout spines. All the species are evergreen, and to 
make good growth they require an abundance of water at 
the roots, and their trunks to be kept constantly moist. By 
these means only can Cyatheas be induced to prodnee fine 
heads of fronds, which last all the longer on the plants if 
they have gradually been inured to the sun during the 
summer, Like all other Tree-Ferns, Cyatheas are satisfied 
with very little pot-room. The soil in which they should 
be potted, tubbed, or, better still, planted in the Fernery, 
is a mixture of three parts fibrous peat, one of loam, and 
one of coarse silver-sand. All are of very easy culture, 
Fic. 285. PINNULE OF CYATHEA INSIGNIS 
