276 
THE DICTIONARY OF GARDENING, 
Cyathea—continued. 
and, provided the moisture about the trunk and the roots 
be well attended to, there need be very little fear of failure 
in their cultivation. None among the numerous species 
known is in the habit of producing adventitious growths 
along the trunk or at the base, and none is knowr to be 
proliferous. The plants are therefore usually propagated 
from their spores, which are abundantly produced and 
germinate freely, making very showy young plants in the 
course of a couple of seasons. 
C. medullaris is of very rapid growth; when planted in a 
conservatory where plenty of room can be allowed for its 
perfect development, it makes a good-sized stem or trunk 
ina comparatively short time, and proves by far the most 
imposing of all known Tree-Ferns which will succeed under 
cool treatmeat. 
To those described on p. 415, Vol. I., the following 
should be added : 
C. aculeata (prickly). A garden synonym of Alsophila aculeata. 
C. Beyrichiana (Beyrich’s). A synonym of Hemitelia setosa. 
C. dealbata. Of this species there is a coloured variety, tricolor. 
C. funebris (funereal), A garden synonym of C. sclerolepis. 
C. horrida (horrid). A synonym of Hemitelia horrida. 
C. insignis. A pinnule of this magnificent stove species is shown 
in Fig. 285. 
C. Lindeniana (Linden’s). 
C. Mastersiana (Dr. Masters’). A provisional name for a plant 
with a caudex apparently not longer than 3ft., surmounted by 
A garden synonym of C. mexicana, 
graceful fronds 3ft. to 4ft. long, the basal part densely spiny. 
Habitat not recorded, 1894. 
IG. 286, CYATHEA MEDULLARIS. 
Cc. medullaris. The habit of this magnificent and popular 
greenhouse species is shown in Fig. 286. 
C. mexicana (Mexican). fronds bipinnate ; pinnules smooth, 
spear-shaped; 3in. to 4in. long, cut into oblong, slightly sickle- 
shaped lobes. sori disposed chiefly in the lower half of the lobe, 
on the back of a simple vein or at the forking of a divided vein ; 
involucres thin and fragile. Mexico, Stove. SYyNs. C. Lindeniana 
(of gardens), Alsophila Van, Geertii. 
C. microphylla (small-leaved). caw. 4ft. high. 
rusty-tomentose. fronds 2ft. to 3ft. 
sti, and rachises 
long, oblong-ovate, 
Cyathea—continued. 
acuminate, tripinnate; primary pinne sessile, broadly oblong, 
acuminate; secondary ones similar but smaller, crowded; 
pinardes scarcely two lines long, ovate-oblong, deeply pinnatifid ; 
obes entire. sori solitary at the base of the veinlet; involucre 
Andes of Peru and Ecuador, 1883, Greenhouse. 
C. princeps (foremost). A synonym of C. insignis. 
C. pygmza (dwarf). A provisional name fora plant having a 
caudex about 2ft. high, and soft, dark green fronds remarkable 
for the absence of the shiny appearance of most species of this 
genus. Habitat not recorded, 1894. 
C. sclerolepis (hard-spined). sti. greyish, rough with hard and 
sharp points, furnished at base with firm, shining, brownish- 
black seales. fronds smooth, seldom more than lft. long, 
tripinnate ; pinne less than 1ft. long ; pinnules sessile, 2in. long, 
cut down into blunt, entire, sickle-shaped segments. sori small, 
abundant ; involucres parchment-like. New Caledonia. Stove. 
Syn. C. funebris (of gardens). 
C. sinuata (sinuate). A synonym of Schizocewna sinuata. 
C. Smithii (Smith’s). A synonym of Hemitclia Smithii. 
C. spinulosa (slightly spiny). sti. and main rachis strongly 
aculeate, often dark purple. jronds glabrous, ample, somewhat 
flaccid ; pinnules oblong, acuminate ; lobes acute, serrulated, 
having small, bullate scales on the costules beneath. sort 
copious, close to the costules; involucre globose, very thin, 
membranous, soon breaking irregularly. India, 1883. Stove. 
(H. 8. F. 12 c.) 
CYATHIFORM. Shaped like a wine-glass. 
CYATHOSTYLES. A synonym of Cyphomandra 
(which see). 
CYBELION. A synonym of Ionopsis (which see). 
CYBIOSTIGMA. 
see). 
CYCAS. Abont fifteen species, natives of tropical Asia, 
Africa, Australia, and Polynesia, are here included. To 
those described on p. 416, Vol. I., the following should be 
added : 
C. angulata (angled). 7. borne on tetragonal petioles ; pinnze 
lanceolate-linear, the lower ones opposite, the upper ones 
alternate and much smaller; rachis ancipitous nearly to the 
apex. Australia, 1874. 
C. Beddomei (Beddome's). J. about 3ft. long and Qin. broad; 
segments about sin. broad; rachis sub-quadrangular; petiole 
quadrangular, furnished at the base with tufted tomentum, and 
in the upper third with a few minute teeth. cones (males) abont 
l3in. long and 3in. in diameter, slightly stipitate, the scales 
tapering from a deltoid base, acuminate. Stem (? young) a few 
inches high, with closely imbricated, glabrescent leaf-hases. 
India, 1883. Sir W. Thiselton Dyer considers this a reduced form 
of C, circinalis. (V. L. §., ser. ii., vol. ii., p. 85.) 
C. Bellefonti (Marquis de Bellefont’s). /. recurved, glabrous, 
elliptic, pinnatisect ; leaflets sessile, linear-lanceolate, 34in. to 
4in. long, acuminate at apex, the margins flat, glaucescent ; 
petioles short, spinulose at base, the spines small, straight. 
Trunk short, cylindrical, erect, clothed with fuscous-greyish 
scales. Tonkin, 1886, (I. H. 1886, 586.) 
C. Boddami (Boddam’s), A garden synonym of C. pluma. 
C. Duivenbodei (Duivenbode’s). 7. pinnate, 3ft. to 34ft. long ; 
leaflets crowded, acuminate, lin. broad. ‘liunk spiny, covered 
with blackish-brown scales. Moluccas, 1886. 
C. inermis (unarmed). 7. much like those of C. revoluta, but 
with rather broader pinnz, which are very numerous, linear, 
spiny-acuminate, and revolute on the margins; petioles usually 
unarmed. Cochin China, 1848. 
Cc. pluma (plume). According to Sir W. Thiselton Dyer, this 
only differs from C. cireinalis in its smaller leaves with narrower 
leatlets. 1877. Syns. C. Boddamiand C. squamosa (of gardens). 
Cc. squamosa (scaly). A garden synonym of C. plwimna. 
Cc. undulata (wavy). J. having undulated, acute, herbaceous 
pinne ; petioles wholly pilose. Habitat uncertain, 1881. Closely 
allied to C. circinalis. 
C. Wendlandii (Wendland’s). This is describedas “‘a handsome 
species from Madagascar, somewhat resembling the Dioons in 
habit, but differing in the leaflets, which are not serrated.” 1895. 
C. Armstrongii and C. imperialis are also, or have been, in 
cultivation. 
CYCLAMEN. This genns is distributed over Central 
Enrope, Western Asia, and the Mediterranean region. To 
the species, &c., described on pp. 417-8, Vol. L., the following 
should be added : 
Cc. alpinum (alpine). 7. purple-red, with a blackish eye. 7. small, 
marked with white. Asia Minor, 1892. A very dwarf plant, 
probably a form of C. ewropeum from a high elevation. 
C. Atkinsi (Atkins’s). A variety of C. ibericwm. 
globose. 
A synonym of Ayenia (which 
