280 
THE DICTIONARY OF GARDENING, 
Cynorchis—continued. 
deeply two-cleft, with a deep purple, obcordate spot at_base. 
1. one or two, about Yin. long, Zin. wide, dark green. Mada- 
gascar, 1888. 
Cc. purpurascens (purplish). j., dorsal sepal green and red, 
4in. long, the lateral ones pale green, sin. long ; petals rose, {in. 
long; lip bright rose-red, lin. long ; peduncle 6in. to 10in. long, 
two- to ten-flowered. November. J. solitary (or with a reduced 
second), 6in. to Sin. long, lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, 
acuminate. Madagascar, &c., 1894. (B. M. 7551.) 
crnosoner A synonym of Cynorchis (which 
see). 
CYNOTIS. A synonymof Cryptostemma (which see). 
CYPELLA. Including Phalocallis. This genus em- 
braces eight species, natives of tropical America, differing 
from Marica in their terminal, single or corymbose flowers, 
plicate leaves, and terete stems. 
Cc. brachypus (short-stalked). A synonym of Marica brachypus. 
Cc. plumbea. Syn. Phalocallis plumbea (B. M. 3710; F. a. 8S. 
395 and 1466). 
CYPERORCHIS (from Cyperus and Orchis; in allu- 
sion to the resemblance to Cyperus, and the affinity to 
Orchis), Orv. Orchidex. A small genus (two or three 
species) of stove, epiphytal Orchids, natives of the Hast 
Indies and the Malayan Archipelago, formerly included 
under Cymbidium. Flowers showy; sepals and petals 
sub-equal, free, erect or somewhat spreading; lip sessile 
at the base of the column, erect, narrow, concave, the 
lateral lobes embracing the column, the middle one short, 
broad, spreading ; column rather long, erect, semi-terete ; 
pollen masses two; raceme many-flowered; scape erect. 
Leayes long, narrow, scarcely dilated at base. Stem short, 
leafy, hardened or slightly thickened at base. For culture, 
see Cymbidium. 
C. cochleare (ear-shaped). /l. 2in. long; sepals and the revolute 
petals greenish-brown, very narrow ; lip yellow, speckled with 
red, the mid-lobe golden-yellow, sub-orbicular; raceme 
elongated; scape lft. to 14ft. long. J. 2ft. to ft. long, Jin. to 
sin. broad. Sikkim Himalaya, 1880. Syn. Cymbidium coch- 
leare. 
Cc. elegans (elegant). jl. pele yellow or white, lJin. long, 
inodorous, densely imbricated, remaining half-closed, cylindrical ; 
lip having two orange lines on the disk ; racemes nodding, many- 
flowered ; scape 6in. to 18in. long, densely clothed with sheaths 
2in. to Sin. long. Autumn. J. Lift. to 2ft. long. Nepaul, 1840. 
(B. M. 7007.) Syn. Cymbidium elegans (L. 8. O. 14), 
C. Mastersii (Dr. Masters’). The correct name of the plant 
described on p. 421, Vol. L., as Cymbidiwm Mastersti. (B. R. 
1845, 50; F. M.n.s.,t. 391; L.J. F.,t. 289; P. F.G., t. 78; R., t. 66.) 
Syn. Cymbidium affine (2) (W. O. A. iii. 140). 
C. M. album (white). 7. pure white, with the exception of the 
yellow keels; deliciously fragrant. Winter. India, 1889, (R., ii., 
t. 36, under name of Cymbidium Mastersti alow.) 
CYPERUS. Mariscus (which see), formerly included 
here, is now kept distinct. To the species, &c., described 
on p. 422, Vol. I., the following should be added: 
Cc. alternifolius variegatus gracilis (slender). A sub- 
variety having filiform stems and Jeaves. 1893. 
C. aristatus (awned). An annual species, scarcely 6in. high, 
aebye of Mexico, and described as ‘‘a pretty, decorative plant.” 
1893. 
Cc. compressus (compressed). ., spikes of three to ten 
spikelets, very shortly spicate; glumes densely imbricated. 
1. often nearly as long as the stem, din. to din. broad. Stems 
tufted, 4in. to 16in. long (or, in the dwarf form pectiniformis, 
often 2in. or less). Tropics, except Australia, 1870. Plant green, 
glabrous. Stove. 
Cc. esculentus (edible). 7., spikelets yellow or yellowish-brown ; 
glumes plicate-striate over nearly their whole length. J. (and 
bracts) long. Stem erect at base. Stolons lateral, long, very 
slender, bearing tubers. South Europe, India, &c. Half-hardy, 
C. distans (distant). A synonym of Mariseus ferax. 
C. ferox (fierce). A synonym of Mariscus ferax. 
Cc. gracilis (slender). A sub-variety of C. alternifolius variegatus. 
C. laxus. Of this species there is a variegated-leaved form, 
variegata, 1881. 
C. natalensis (Natal). A garden name for Mariscus wmbilensis. 
C. Papyrus (Papyrus). The correct name of Papyrus anti- 
quorum, 
C. reflexus (reflexed). This is described as “a graceful plant, 
densely tufted, with light green leaves.” Argentina, 1895. 
eitbouge a perennial, it flowers the same year when raised from 
seeds, 
Cc. umbilensis, A synonym of Mariscus umbilensis. 
CYPHIA. To the species described on p. 422, Vol. L, 
the following should be added : 
C. tortilis (twisted). fl. lilac, axillary, small, solitary; petals 
recurved at apex. Jl. alternate, petiolate, glabrous, 4in. to 1jin. 
long, the lower ones spathulate-obovate or oblanceolate, the upper 
ones lanceolate or linear-lanceolate. Stem twining, glabrous. 
Tubers succulent, edible. South Africa, 1894. 
CYPHOKENTIA. ‘Two species of unarmed, stove 
Palms, natives of New Caledonia, form this genus. Flowers 
arranged as in Cyphophenix; spathes two, deciduous ; 
bracts short, continuous with the spadix ; bracteoles small, 
imbricated, forming a short cup. Leaves terminal, pinna- 
tisect ; segments elongated-ensiform, narrowed at apex, the 
margins recurved at base. 
CYPHOMANDRA. Syns. Cyathostyles, Pallavicinia. 
Flowers pedicellate, racemose ; corolla deeply five-lobed. 
Fruit an oblong or globose, usually large berry. Leaves 
entire, three-lobed, or pinnatisect. 
tales ee aie A synonym of Cyrtanthus (which 
see). 
CYPHOPHENIX (from kwphos, bent, and Phenix, a 
Palm-tree ; in allusion to the curved spadix of one of the 
species in fruiting, and to the affimity of the genus). 
Orp. Palme. A small genus (two species) of stove, 
unarmed Palms, natives of New Caledonia, and closely 
allied to Cyphosperma. Flowers moncecious on the same 
spadix, spirally disposed in threes, a female between 
two males; spadix robust, paniculatély branched, the 
branches elongated. Fruit brown, mediocre, clongated- 
ovoid or ellipsoid. Leaves terminal, pinnatisect; segments 
coriaceous, elongated-ensiform, narrowed at apex, thickened 
on the margins. There is a specimen of C. elegans (SYN. 
Kentia elegans) at Kew, but it is not in general cultivation. 
CYPHOSPERMA. Flowers brown, arranged as in 
Cyphophenia ; spadix branches somewhat distichons ; bracts 
short. Fruit brown, small, globose or cubical-ovoid. Leaves 
terminal, pinnatisect ; segments narrow-ensiform, pramorse- 
toothed, thickened and recurved at base. 
CYPRESS, AFRICAN. See Widdringtonia. 
CYPRESS, DECIDUOUS. ‘See Taxodium di- 
stichum. 
CYPRIPEDIUM. Syn. Criosanthes. This genus 
embraces about sixty species, natives of Europe, temperate 
and tropical Asia, North America, and Mexico. With 
the exception of the Cattleya family, no Orchids have 
been so extensively used for hybridisation as the 
Cypripedium and Selenipedium. The result is that the 
increase in variety has been enormous. In many instances 
most successful and desirable forms haye been produced, 
while in others practically failures have to be recorded. It 
isremarkable also that when failures have occurred such 
have been from the use of some of the best species. Take for 
example C. Spicerianum. Such a fine species naturally was 
looked upon as a likely parent, and extensively used. The 
records, however, show that though it has been used in the 
production of nearly a hundred distinct crosses, out of this 
number it would be difficult to name a dozen really good 
things. The majority are useful for cut-flower purposes, 
retaining the free-flowering characteristics of C. Spicer- 
ianum, but in point of beauty and quality they are not to be 
compared with the parent species. 
The introduction of species duxing the past few years 
has brought fresh material to the hand of the hybridist, 
and this has enabled him to eyolye a new section of 
hybrids. The most remarkable are those derived from the 
use of C. bellatulum as a parent. Still more wonderful is 
the rapidity -with which these have been produced, as it 
was only in the year 1888 that C. bellatulwm was first 
introduced. These crosses, as a reference to the list of 
hybrids will show, now reach a formidable total, and are 
more sought after and more valuable than any of the 
Cypripedinms. 
C.. Rothschildianum has so far proved most successful in 
the few instances in which it has been used. Secondary 
hybrids also are now being freely produced, so that, in a 
few years’ time, we may look forward to quite a new class. 
Recently a fresh classification of the genus has been 
arranged. In the body of this work we recognised the 
natives of the Western hemisphere as Selenipediums—that 
is, the class to which S. caudatwm, S. Schlimii, &c., 
