1900 SUPPLEMENT—RECENT INTRODUCTIONS, 
&C. 333 
Dyssochroma—continued. 
five-cleft; corolla funnel-shaped, swollen or campanulate 
above, the limb plicate, deeply five-lobed; stamens five ; 
pedicels often solitary, terminating the short, nodose 
branchlets. Leaves entire, membranons or coriaceous. For 
culture, see Solandra. 
D. eximia (choice). The correct name of Juanulloa eximia. 
D. viridifiora (green-flowered). The correct name of Solandra 
viridijlora. 
DYSSODIA. See Dysodia. 
EAGLE FERN. See Pteris aquilina. 
EAGLE-WOOD. See Aquilaria. 
EARLIA. A synonym of Graptophyllum (which 
see), the correct name of FE. excelsa being G. Earlii. 
EARWIGS. Forficula awricularia is the species 
usually found in gardens in a very large number of 
flowering plants, as well as certain fruit-trees—Apples, 
Nectarines, and wall-fruits generally—and Hops. In some 
gardens, too, Labia minor may frequently be found in 
abundance. Like F. auricularia, the latter insect is a 
winged Earwig, but unlike that species it may be often 
seen upon the wing. Very occasionally another British 
species, F. lesnei, a pale-coloured insect, may be found, 
though not in gardens, so far as we have any record: it is a 
very good example of the wingless species. Popularly, we 
think that the Earwigs are often accredited with damage 
that they do not inflict. Those who haye kept the insects 
in captivity all say that they show a marked fondness for 
a carnivorous dietary, house-flies in particular. That 
F. auricularia, a8 suggested above, is found on a variety of 
plants is certain, but it by no means follows that it derives 
its entire sustenance from either the fruit or the flowers in 
which it elects to conceal itself. According to Ruhl, an 
eminent authority, the Harwig prefers larve and eyen 
snails to fruit, only taking to a vegetarian dietary when 
the carnivorous one fails. 
Besides the British species of Earwigs, F. auricularia 
and L. minor, already named as being plentiful in gardens, 
we have records of an illustrious foreigner being found at 
Kew Gardens, haying been imported in Sugar Cane from 
the Mauritius. Scientifically this is known as Chelisoches 
morio. It is thus described by Mr. Lucas in the ‘‘ Entom- 
ologist”’ for March, 1898: ‘‘In colour it is shining black, 
with fully-developed wing-cases and wings, The antennwe 
are of about seventeen joints, and black in colour except two 
joints near the tip. The legs are black, with the exception 
of the tarsi, which are pale yellowish-brown, and of which 
the second joint is extended as a 
lobe below the third. The male 
forceps are short, especially at the 
base. Those of the female are long 
and pointed. In length it is rather 
more than #in,” 
Traps. From the fondness Har- 
wigs have of hiding in the daytime 
in practically anything likely to 
afford a little shelter, they are 
comparatively easy to trap. Many 
of these are described in Vol. I., 
p. 497. To these may be added 
hollow stalks (such as those of 
Hemlock), rolls of ernmpled paper, 
and old hats containing a little hay, 
and placed upon the stakes support- 
ing plants like Dahlias, &c. 
The name Earwig has been be- 
stowed upon these insects because 
of a popular superstition existing 
that the insects enter the ear and 
penetrate the brain, causing death. 
Eyen to the present day this is believed in wherever the 
insects are found. The forceps found on Earwigs vary 
considerably in shape and size. They attain their most 
formidable proportions in the males (see Fig. 352). Besides 
being employed in the case of the winged kinds in packing 
away the delicate wings, they are also used as weapons 
of offence, but are incapable of inflicting any harm. 
Fig. 352. Earwic. 
EAST INDIAN HAWTHORN. 
lepis indica. 
EAST INDIAN WINE PALM. ‘See Phenix 
sylvestris. 
EBENEOUS. Ebony-black. 
EBERMAIERA. About forty species of this genus 
are now known. Flowers solitary at the axils of the bracts, 
sessile or shortly pedicellate ; spikes or racemes terminal or 
quasi-axillary, simple or compound ; sepals and corolla lobes 
five each; stamens four, didynamous. Leaves nearly 
always opposite. 
EBURNEOUS. Ivory-white. 
ECCREMOCARPUS. Inclading Calampelis. Four 
species are now included in this genus. To those described 
on p. 498, Vol. I., the following variety should be added : 
E. scaber roseus (rosy). A variety with orange-red flowers. 
1891. 
See Rhaphio- 
ECHEANDRA (derivation unknown). Orp. Liliacee. 
A genus consisting of only a couple of species of stove, 
bulbous plants, only differing from Anthericum in_ the 
anthers. Both have been introduced, but they have little 
horticultnral value. JE. elewtherandra is in the Kew 
Collection. 
ECHIDNOPSIS. To the species described on p. 499, 
Vol. I., the following should be added : 
E. Dammanniana (Dammann’s). This is very similar to 
E. cereiformis (of which it is probably only a variety), but has 
brown flowers. Abyssinia, 1892. (R. G. 1892, p. 526, f. 107.) 
ECHINACEA. According to the latest anthorities 
this genus is now kept distinct from Rudbeckia. E. pur- 
purea is shown on p, 332, Vol. III. (Fig. 398). 
ECHINOCACTUS. Bentham and Hooker include 
Malacocarpus (of Salm-Dyck) (which see) under this 
genus. Upwards of 200 species have been described, but 
the number may be considerably reduced. 
The soil for Echinocactuses should be similar to that 
recommended for Cereuses, as also should be the treat- 
ment as regards sunlight and rest. It cannot be too clearly 
understood that during the period between October and 
March these plants should be kept perfectly dry at the root, 
and ina dry house, where the tamperature would not fall 
below 50deg. There is no oczasion for repotting the 
Echinocactuses every year; it is far safer to allow them to 
remain in the same pots seyera years, should the soil be 
fresh and the drainage perfect. 
All the larger-stemmed kinds may be kept in health 
when grown on their own roots ; but for some of the smaller 
species it is a good plan to graft them upon the stem of some 
of the Cerenses—C. tortwosus or C. colubrinus being recom- 
mended for the smaller kinds, and for the larger C. peru- 
vianus, C. gemmatus, or any one the stem of which is 
robust and of the right dimensions to bear the species of 
Echinocactus intended to be grafted. Some growers prefer 
to graft all the small Echinocactuses upon other kinds, and 
when properly grafted they are safer thus treated than if 
grown on their roots. In grafting, the two stems (stock and 
scion) must be so cut that their edges meet, and in securing 
them two or three stakes must be placed in such a way as 
afford support to the graft and hold it firmly in position. 
Besides grafting, cuttings of the stems may be utilised 
for the multiplication of Echinocactnses, first removing the 
upper portion of the stem and putting it into soil to root, 
and, afterwards, as lateral stems develop on the old stock, 
they may be ent away with a sharp knife, and treated in a 
similar manner. Should a plant become sickly, and look 
shrivelled and cankered at the base, it is always best to cut 
away the healthy part of the stem, and induce it to form 
fresh roots, thus giving it a new lease of life. Seeds of 
these plants may be obtained from dealers, more especially 
Continental nurserymen. They should be sown in soil, and 
kept moist and warm. In about a month after sowing, the 
little Pea-like, green balls will be seen pushing their way 
through the thin coyering of soil, and gradually but slowly 
increasing in size, their spines also increasing in number and 
strength, the ridges forming according to the character of 
the species, till, finally, they assume the mature characters 
of the plant in bothstemand habit. The flowers, of course, 
appear according to the length of time it takes for the 
species to grow to flowering size. 
