338 THE DICTIONARY 
OF GARDENING, 
Echinopsis—continued. 
which is essential to the development of their large, 
beautiful flowers in summer. 
To the species and varieties described on pp. 502-3, 
Vol. I., the following should be added : 
E. cinnabarina (cinnabar-red). fl. produced from the outside 
of the depressed top of the stem; tube green, short; petals 
bright cinnabar-red, Zin. long. Stem 6in. to 8in. in diameter, 4in. 
high, resembling a sea-urchin; spiral formed by the tubercles 
rising gradually, each tubercle surmounted by a tuft of radiating 
spines and a cushion of wool. Bolivia, 1845. Syn. Hehinocactus 
cinnabarinus (B. M, 4326). 
E. Eyriesii flore-pleno (double-flowered). A form with 
several rows of petals, which impart a double appearance to 
the flowers. See Fig. 363. 
E. multiplex (proliferous). 
without flowers, in Fig. 364, 
This interesting species is shown, 
Fic. 365. ECHINOPSIS MULTIPLEX CRISTATUS, 
Stems fasciated and divided into 
A remarkable monster. 
E. m. cristatus (crested). 
numerous crumpled, flattened branches. 
See Fig. 365. 
E. Pentlandi (Pentland’s). 
Pentlandi. 
E. P. flammea (flame-coloured). A variety having flowers only 
2in. long (in the type they are 4in.). 
E. P. ochroleuca (yellowish-white). 
the type in having yellowish-white flowers. 1897. 
E. Philippii (Philippi’s). 1. yellow, with reddish-tinted seg- 
ments, about 14in. long, campanulate ; stamens in two distinct 
whorls, the outer arising from the base of the petals, the 
inner whorl united in a tube around the style. Stem cylindric, 
The correct name of Echinocactus 
This variety differs from 
eight- to ten-angled, the angles tubercled; tubercles with 
about eight short and four or five long spines. Chili, 1883. 
Syn. Cereus Philippii (R. G. 1079, f. 1). 
E. tubiflorus (tube-flowered). The correct name of Echinocactus 
tubijlorus. 
ECHINOSTACHYS (of Brongniart), 
Zichmea (which see). 
ECHINOSTACHYS (of E. Meyer). 
Pycnostachys (which see). 
ECHIOIDES. A synonym of Nonnea (which see). 
peer. A synonym of Lobostemon (which 
see). 
ECHITES. Syns. Heterothrix, Mesechites. Several 
species formerly included hereunder are now referred 
to Dipladenia, Mandevilla, Pachypodium, and 
Urechites. 
E. atropurpurea, 
purpurea, 
Included under 
A synonym of 
The correct name is Dipladenia atro- 
E. franciscea is a variety of EF. (f.) sulphurea, which is the 
typical species. 
E. nutans, This is synonymous with Prestonia venosa. 
ECHIUM. To the species described on p. 504, Vol. I., 
the following should be added. Several plants formerly 
included in this genus are now classed under Lobostemon. 
E. lusitanica (Portuguese). /., corolla-tube white, the limb, 
bluish, with violet veins; spikelets simple, erecto-patent. 
1. lanceolate, the lower ones attenuated at base. Stem erect, 
simple at base, paniculate-branched at apex. Portugal. 
Perennial. Syn. H. salamantica. 
E. plantagineum (Plantain-like).* 1. rich purplish-violet, 
showy; corolla four times as long as the calyx; spikes many, in 
an elongated panicle. June. /., lower ones ovate or oblong; 
upper and floral ones cordate-lanceolate. Stem erect or diffuse. 
h. 3ft. Mediterranean region, 1658. Plant hairy. A fine annual 
or biennial species. SYN. E. violaceum. 
E. rubrum (red).* l. reddish-violet, disposed in an elongated, 
spike-like panicle; corolla four times as long as the calyx. 
May. J. linear-lanceolate, acuminate. Stems erect, simple, 
ee h. 1ft. to 2ft. Hungary, &c. A fine biennial. (B. M. 
-) 
E. salamantica (Salamanca). A synonym of EZ. lusitanica. 
E. violaceum (violet). A synonym of FE. plantagineum. 
ECHTRUS. A synonym of Argemone (which see). 
ECKARDIA. A synonym of Peristeria (which see). 
EDGEWORTHIA. This genus is now regarded as 
monotypic, the species being LE. Gardneri (B. M. 7180), with 
which F#. chrysantha is synonymons. 
EDGING-IRON. An illustration of this implement is 
given under Verge-cutter (p. 147, Vol. IV.). 
EDIBLE FERN OF TASMANIA. See Pteris 
aquilina esculenta. 
EDRAIANTHUS SERPYLLIFOLIUS. A syn- 
onym of Campanula serpyllifolia (which see). 
EEL FERN. See Acrostichum Herminieri. 
EEL GRASS. See Vallisneria spiralis. 
EELWORMS (Anguwillidz). A popular name bestowed 
upon a yery destructive group of minute translucent 
animals infesting Strawberries, Clover, Wheat, Potatoes, 
Cucumbers, Melons, Tomatoes, Vines, Onions, Hops, and 
Hyacinths, as well as Pasture Grasses and common wayside 
weeds. Eelworms are so readily introduced that the 
greatest care should be exercised when obtaining new pot- 
ting soils, as this is a common source of trouble. The pests 
are barely yisible to the naked eye, being only Imm. long 
and whitish. They are pointed at either end. 
Eelworms are found in large numbers; they pierce the 
tissues of their-hosts, and extract therefrom the juices. The 
symptoms of attack vary with its severity, and a little with 
the species found. Melons, Cucumbers, and Tomatoes may 
collapse altogether, and without apparent reason, if the 
plants are not lifted and examined ; or, again, there may be 
wart-like excrescences on the roots ; bulbs (like Onions) may 
show signs of decay: Vines sometimes have a “‘ cankerous ” 
growth just beneath the soil, and the bark just at the 
roots may be removed ; while the roots and foliage of other 
plants may be distorted, stunted, and unhealthy-looking. 
When once a plant is badly attacked, cure is practically out 
of the question. The soil should be removed, and deeply 
buried, and a fresh compost should be employed, first char- 
ring it or rendering it free from the pest by pouring over it 
boiling water. These remedies are only applicable when 
the disease is restricted, as for instance in the ease of flowers, 
fruit, or vegetables under glass. Outside the pests are more 
difficult to control. Wherever kainit can be employed this is 
most beneficial. It should be used in conjunction with basic 
slag—two parts of the latter to one of the former: 2%lb. of 
the combination to the square yard, if well forked in, will 
not be any too much. By way of preventive measures, 
turfy loam, when used comparatively fresh from the land 
for pot-plants, should be baked or scalded, while all affected 
plants should be destroyed by fire. Turf stacked for future 
use should be treated between each layer to a dressing of 
mustard refuse, as for Wireworms, using it plentifully. An 
alternation of crops should, wherever possible, be resorted to. 
Onions, for instance, shonld not follow Onions. Trenching 
Eelworm-infested soil would also help to get rid of the pests 
outdoors. See also Nematoid Worms. 
EFFLORESCENCE. The time or act of flowering. 
EGERIA. A synonym of Elodea (which see). 
