362 
Felicia—continued. 
1. narrow-linear, hard-tipped, usually rigidly ciliated. Stems 
dwarf, slender. South Africa, 1759. Half-hardy annual or 
biennial, becoming shrubby at base ; useful as a carpet plant to 
show up bright-flowering subjects. Syns. F. tenella, Aster 
tenellus (B. M., t. 33). 
F, fruticosa. According to the ‘Index Kewensis,” this is once 
again classed under Aster, 
F. tenella (rather tender). A synonym of C. fragilis. 
FENDLERA (commemorative of Auguste Fendler, 
one of the first botanists who visited New Mexico). Orb. 
Sawifragee. A monotypic genus. The species is a hardy 
or half-hardy, erect, deciduous, pubescent-pilose or glabrous 
shrub, with terete, striated branches. It does well in any 
ordinary soil if afforded the protection of a wall in other 
than Southern districts. Propagation may be effected by 
seeds, by cuttings, or by layers. 
F. rupicola (rock-loving) jl. white, large and _ showy, 
pedunculate, terminal, one to three on the short branchlets ; 
THE DICTIONARY OF GARDENING, 
Ferns—continued. 
at an altitude varying from 10,000ft. to 12,000ft., and others 
at the sea-level, which indicates that, in artificial culture, 
while certain kinds are perfectly hardy in this country, others 
require the protection of the warm house. In their native 
habitats, certain exotic species affect the most exposed and 
sunny situations, much in the same way as the Scale Fern 
(Ceterach officinarum), the Maidenhair Spleenwort (Asple- 
nium Trichomanes), and the Wall Rue (Asplenium ruta- 
muraria) do in this country. Others only thrive under the 
influence of dense shade; while others, again, require 
constant moisture at the roots, with their heads in full 
exposure to the action of the light, just as is the case with 
some of our common British species. 
Another important feature in connection with Ferns in 
general is the singularly cosmopolitan character possessed 
by certain kinds which, though generally given and 
accepted as being of British origin, are also found wild in 
various, and, in some cases, in very distant parts of the 
Fic. 380. 
calyx eight-ribbed; petals four, clawed; stamens eight, long. 
i. opposite, lin. long, sub-sessile, oblong, entire, three-nerved. 
h. 2ft. to 4ft. Texas and New Mexico, 1888. (R. H. 1891, f. 12.) 
FENUSA ULMI. See Sawflies. 
FERDINANDA. The species formerly classed under 
this generic name are now referred to Podachenium 
and Zaluzania (which see). 
FERNANDEZIA (of Lindley). This genus (p. 4, 
Vol. II.) is now merged into Lockhartia (which see). 
FERNANDEZIA (of Ruiz and Payon), A synonym 
of Dichza (which see). 
FERN RUE. See Thalictrum flavum. 
FERNS. Amongst the most striking points in connec- 
tion with Ferns is the extremely wide range of their 
geographical distribution. From the Tropics, where they 
exist in profusion, to the Arctic regions, as far north as 
Greenland, Ferns are found in greater or less quantities, some 
THE FERNERY, NASH Court, FAVERSHAM. 
Globe. Thus most of our Spleenworts, or Aspleniums, are 
also found throughout the European Continent, Northern 
Asia, North and South Africa, in North America, in various 
parts of India, &c. The same may also be said of our 
common Maidenhair Fern (Adiantum Capillus-Veneris), 
which is found wild nearly all over the world. Even our 
own Royal Fern (Osmuwnda regalis) is found growing 
plentifully on the banks of rivers and streams on the 
Neilgherries and other high mountains in India, while the 
common Shield Ferns, Polystichwm angulare, Lastrea 
spinulosa, and others, are also natives of many parts of 
India and of North America. Yet another example of the 
cosmopolitan character of Ferns is well shown in the 
delightful violet-scented, small-growing Lastrea fragrans, 
which, although originally introduced into this country 
from North America, is fonnd to be abundant on some of 
the Japanese mountains. 
It is remarkable also that, to a certain extent, each 
country appears to produce Ferns forming natural special 
