372 
Fouquiera—continued. 
leaves, in whose axil is developed a tuft of small, fleshy leaves. 
Mexico. A very singular plant. (G. C. 1899, xxvi., p. 277, f. 94.) 
F. spinosa (spiny). fl. scarlet, pedicellate, disposed in a 
corymbose panicle; stamens ten. 7. mostly fascicled, obovate- 
oblong, membranous. kh. 15ft. SyN. Idria columnaria. 
FOVEATE. Having conspicuous pits or depressions. 
FOVEOLARIA (of Ruiz and Payon), in part. A 
synonym of Styrax (which see). 
FOVEOLATE. Having small pits or depressions. 
FOXTAIL PINE. See Pinus Balfouriana. 
FRAGARIA. To the species and varieties described 
on p. 21, Vol. II., the following should be added : 
F. alpina (Alpine). A synonym of F. vesca semperflorens. 
F. chiloénsis (Chiloe). The correct name of F. chilensis. 
F. vesca semperfiorens (ever-flowering). Alpine Strawberry. 
Jr. conical-ovoid, shining, in some varieties purple and white. 
Alps. Syn. 7’. alpina. 
FRANCISIA. Included under Darwinia (which see). 
FRANKENIA. About a dozen species are included 
in this genus. Calyx gamosepalous, tubular, persistent ; 
petals imbricated, free ; stamens four to six or more, hypo- 
gynous. Leaves opposite, small, exstipulate. To the 
species described on p. 23, Vol. II., the following should be 
added : 
F. ericifolia (Erica-leaved). (fl. red, aggregated, terminal ; 
petals toothed. July. J. linear, petiolate, the margins revolute, 
glabrous above, beneath (as well as the stem and calyx) velvety- 
pruinose. Canary Islands, 1816. Hardy, evergreen trailer. 
F. hirsuta (hairy). 
F. capitata. 
FRANKINCENSE. See Pinus Teda. 
FRANSERIA (named in hononr of Dr. Ant. Franser, a 
Spanish botanist). Orp. Composite. A genus embracing 
about ten species of hardy or half-hardy, annual or 
perennial herbs, natives of North America, Pern, and Chili. 
Flower-heads small, unisexual, moncecious, nodding, sessile 
or shortly pedicellate, in simple, leafless spikes or racemes 
at the tips of the branches, or paniculate. Leaves 
alternate, toothed or incised, or once or more pinnately 
dissected. F. artemisioides, the only species introduced, 
although shrubby, should be treated as a half-hardy biennial 
or perennial; it thrives in sandy-loam soil, and may be 
propagated by seeds, 
F. artemisioides (Artemisia-like). /.-heads in spikes. Jnly. 
1. bipinnatifid-dentate, greenish above, whitish-pubescent on the 
under-side ; petioles winged. h. 5ft. to 6ft. Peru, 1759 and 1890. 
FRASERA. Calyx having four lanceolate or linear 
segments; cymes irregular, forming a dense, thyrsoid or 
pyramidal panicle. 
F. caroliniensis is the correct name of F. Walteri. 
FRAXINUS. F. excelsior is the only British repre- 
sentative of this genus. Seedling Ash are also attacked 
by the Mildew referred to under Fagus, and should be 
similarly treated. 
To the species and varieties described on pp. 23-4, 
Vol. II., the following should be added : 
F. americana foliis argenteo-marginatis (silvery-mar- 
gined leaved). An ornamental form, having the leaflets bordered 
with pale yellowish (or rosy in a young state). 1886. 
F. anomala (anomalous). jl. in short panicles. J. mostly 
simple, thinly coriaceous, ovate, rounded, or cordate, rarely 
obcordate, entire or partly serrated, lin. to 2in. long, sometimes 
composed of two or three sessile leaflets. North America, 1896. 
A shrub or low tree. 
F. Bungeana (Bunge’s). /. many in a compound, terminal 
panicle, J., leaflets two pairs, petiolulate, scarcely lin. long, 
ovate, acute at base, acuminate at apex, bluntly serrated; 
etioles and petiolules minutely pubescent. h. 3ft. to O5ft. 
orth China, 1894. (G. & F. 1894, vii., p. 4, f. 1.) 
F. raibocarpa (bent-fruited). f. sickle-shaped. J. few; leaflets 
rather small. Central Asia, 1892. A tree of graceful habit. 
F. rhynchophylla (beak-leaved). A fine Ash, easily distin- 
guished from other sorts by its winter buds, which are globose, 
din. in diameter, having broad scales covered with thick, red- 
dish tomentum. Northern China, &c., 1894. According to 
the ‘‘Index Kewensis,” this is a variety of F. 2anthoxyloides. 
(G. & F. 1893, vi., p. 484, f. 70.) 
F. turkestanica (Turkestan). 7. pinnate; leaflets five, dark 
green, cuspidate, coarsely toothed. Buds reddish. Bark dark 
green, smooth, Turkestan, 1887, Probably a garden form. 
The correct name of F. Webbii and of 
THE DICTIONARY OF GARDENING, 
Fraxinus—continued. 
F. xanthoxyloides (Xanthoxylum-like). fl. appearing before 
the leaves, in dense heads, brown from the woolly bracts. 
Jr., samaras lsin. by 1jin. 7@., leaflets three to five pairs, hardly 
acuminate, crenulate-serrate, Zin. by Zin.; lowest petiolulate. 
Temperate Himalayas, &c, 1845. A shrub, or sometimes a tree 
25ft. high. 
FREESIA. J. G. Baker reduces this genus to one 
species, F. refracta, of which Leichtlinii and odorata are 
varieties. 
Many failures by amateurs to grow these charming bulbs 
(Fig. 384, for which we are indebted to Messrs. Veitch and 
Sons) are recorded. The chief mistake made by most 
cultivators is in not giving the bulbs after flowering a good 
roasting in the sun. _ After the foliage has died down in the 
cold frame the pots containing the bulbs should be trans- 
ferred to the sunniest place in the *greenhonse for a time, 
Fic. 384. FREESIA REFRACTA ALBA. 
and afterwards shaken out and stored away until potting 
time again arrives. As well as being propagated by seeds 
as suggested in Vol. II., they may be increased by offsets 
separated at the time of storing the parent bulbs, and 
planted in a large pan for growing on. 
F. refracta odorata (fragrant). 1. bright yellow, with a more 
equal limb than in the type, fewer in a spike ; inflorescence less 
branched ; spathe-valves broader and more obtuse. J. broader 
and less rigid. Syn. Tritonia odorata (L. B. C. 1820). 
FREESTONE PEACHES and NECTARINES. 
These are varieties of Peaches and Nectarines in which the 
flesh of the fruits parts readily from the stones. 
FREEZING. See Frost. 
FREMONTIA VERMICULARIS. 
Sarcobatus Maximilianus (which see). 
FRENCH WILLOW. See Salix triandra. 
FREYCINETIA. Syns. Jezabel and Victoriperria. 
This and Pandanus are the only two genera in the Order 
Pandanex. ‘To the species described on p. 26, Vol. II., the 
following should be added : 
F. angustifolia (narrow-leaved). l., spadices three to five, sin. 
to lin. long, racemose, on a short peduncle. /. Grass-like, lft. to 
1sft. long, finely acuminate, the margins smooth or minutely 
serrulated. Stems climbing, as thick as a goose-quill. Malay 
Islands. 
F. insignis (remarkable). ., spadices two or three, peduncu- 
late, erect; outer spathes greenish, the inner ones red. Jr. 
green, 2in. to 4in. long, elongated-oblong; berries free at the 
conical, three- to five-cornered apex. J. 1}ft. to 3ft. long, Zin. to 
lin. broad, acuminate, spinulose-serrated on the margins and on 
the midrib beneath. Java, &c. A lofty, sparingly-branched 
climber, 
A synonym of 
