374 THE DICTIONARY OF GARDENING, 
Fritillaria—continued. 
F. oxypetala (of Royle). The correct name of Liliwm oxy- 
petalum. 
F. Perryi (Perry’s).* /l. approaching those of F. recurva, but 
roduced in greater profusion, and appearing a fortnight earlier. 
886. A fine garden hybrid between J’. recurva and F’. lanceolata. 
F. pluriflora (many-flowered).* jl. of a uniform reddish-purple, 
nodding; perianth segments oblanceolate, gin. to lin. long ; 
pedicels long. J. eight to fifteen, nearly covering the stem, 
somewhat whorled, narrow-lanceolate, 3in. to 4in. long. Stem 
stout, lft. or more in height, four- to twelve-flowered. Bulb of 
large, thick scales sin. to lin. long. California, 1897. (G. C. 1897, 
XXL, p. 231, f. 76.) 
F. Raddeana (Dr. Radde’s). /. greenish-yellow, shorter than 
the pedicels. J., floral ones recurved-spreading. Habit rather 
dwarfer than F. Imperialis, which the plant otherwise resembles. 
Central Asia, 1887. 
F. Sewerzowi bicolor (two-coloured).* fl. light olive-green, 
having a brownish, V-shaped mark at the base of each segment. 
Alatau, 1885. A remarkable variety. (G. C. ser. iii., vol. i., 
p. 457; R. G. 1181.) 
F. Sieheana (Siehe’s).* l. large; perianth segments bright 
green streaked with reddish-purple outside, within yellowish 
marked with purple. hk. about 14ft. Asia Minor, 1897, A 
splendid species, thriving in chalky soils with leaf-mould. 
F. Stracheyi (Strachey’s). #l. solitary; perianth pale purple, 
speckled within below the middle, the segments lin. long, acute. 
June. U. narrow-linear, 4in. to 6in. long, din. to jin. broad; 
radical ones linear-lanceolate, long-petiolate, obtuse. Stem 6in. 
to 12in. high. Temperate Himalayas. Syn. F. oxypetala, of 
Hooker (B. M. 4731; L. J. F. 422). 
F. tristis (sad). A synonym of F. obliqua. 
F. tubzeformis (tube-like). The correct name of I. delphin- 
ensis. 
F. Whittallii (Whittall’s). This very closely resembles 
F. Meleagris, but has an orbicular instead of a linear nectary. 
Taurus, 1893, 
F. zagrica (native name). /., perianth of a dark lurid purple, 
not tessellated, glaucous on the outer surface. Kashand 
Mountains, Persia, 1893. Closely allied to F. armena and 
FE. tulipifolia. 
FRIVALDIA. A synonym of Microglossa (which 
see). 
FRGLICHIA includes Oplotheca. 
FROG ORCHIS. See Habenaria viridis. 
FROLOVIA. Included under Saussurea (which see). 
FROST GRAPE. See Vitis cordifolia. 
FRUIT-SPUR. A short branch haying one or more 
frnit-buds. 
FRUIT-TREE BEETLE (Scolytus  rugulosus). 
Closely allied to that pest of the Elm, Scolytus destructor, 
is the insect known by the common name aboye adopted. 
Many kinds of frnit-trees are laid under contribution— 
Apples, Pears, Peaches, Plums, and Cherries—and the 
insect is even more destructive in the United States and 
upon some parts of the Continent than here. The trees 
usually attacked are either very young ones, or else those 
which from some cause or another lack vitality, or yet 
again which haye suffered from external injury. The 
smaller branches are always affected, and the first 
symptoms observable are a dying away of the tips and 
of the foliage. This, however, is not always due to the 
particular insect under notice. Trees manifesting such 
symptoms should be further examined by the aid of a 
glass, and if some very minute holes are revealed it may 
fairly be assumed that the Fruit-Tree Beetle is the 
delinquent. These holes, if the bark be removed, will be 
found to lead to others in the wood proper. The insects 
are upon the wing in spring, and deposit their eggs in the 
bark. The larvae, or grubs, resulting when hatched feed 
first upon the bark, and then tunnel the wood, though not 
to any great depth, always working away from the galleries 
made by the mother-beetle. In size the Fruit-Tree Beetle 
is scarcely 3in. long, dull black as to colour, and furrowed ; 
the antenne and legs are reddish. The larye are white 
and wrinkled. : 
_ Feeding as the insects do, they are not reached by 
insecticides ordinarily employed. The only plan available 
is to coat the trees with some objectionable substance, 
such as kerosene and soft soap made of a fairly stiff 
consistency, and applied to the parts very early in the 
year. This, however, would only be practicable when 
frnit was grown upon an extremely small scale. Where 
Fruit-tree Beetle—continued. 
the trees are attacked lightly, the bad portions should be 
cut away as early as psf in the season and burned. 
In the case of trees badly attacked nothing short of 
uprooting and burning is likely to avail. 
FUCHSIA. Including Skinnera. Calyx-tube globose 
or ovoid at base, produeed above the ovary into a deciduous, 
four-lobed, campanulate or funnel-shaped limb ; petals four 
or very rarely wanting, convolute, spreading, or reflexed ; 
stamens eight. Leaves opposite, alternate, or whorled, 
entire or toothed. To the species and varieties described 
on pp. 31-5, Vol. II., the following should be added : 
F. ampliata (ample). /. scarlet, solitary, or two or three 
together in axillary clusters; calyx lobes ovate-lanceolate, 
acuminate ; petals shorter than the calyx lobes, obtusely quad- 
rangular. une. J. 2in. to 3in. long, usually drooping and 
ternately whorled, elliptic-oblong, acute at both ends, denticu- 
late, glabrous, sometimes pubescent beneath; petioles 4iu. to 
4in. long. Stem often decumbent below. A. 3ft. to 5ft. Andes 
of Ecuador, 1877. (B. M. 6839.) 
F. coccinea. In gardens this name is often applied to #'. macro- 
stemma. 
F. conica (conical). A form of F. macrostemma. 
F. corallina is a garden hybrid. 
F. cylindracea. The correct name is I’. parviflora. 
F. discolor (two-coloured). A form of F. macrostemma. 
F. globosa. ‘ihe correct name of 7. macrostemma globosa. 
F. gracilis (slender). A form of F. macrostemma. 
F. macrostemma (large-crowned). The correct spelling of 
F. macrostema. 
¥F. m. discolor (two-coloured). fl. scarlet and purple, small, 
numerous. /. 3ft. August. One of the hardiest of all varieties. 
F. m. gracilis multiflora (many-flowered). fl. of a darker 
crimson and shorter than in the typical gracilis, very freely 
produced. J’. tenella is a seedling form of gracilis. 
oe, parviflora (small-flowered). The correct name of C. cylin- 
racea. 
F. pendula (drooping). A garden hybrid with pendulous 
branches. 1894. (R. H. 1894, p. 470, f. 174, 175.) 
F. pendulzfiora is a garden hybrid. 
F. pumila (dwarf). A variety of F. macrostemma. 
F. riccartoni (Riccarton). A seedling from F. (macrostemma) 
globosa. 
F. semperfiorens (ever-flowering). A garden hybrid. 1888, 
F. tenella (rather tender). A form of F. macrostemma gracilis. 
F. Toddiana (Todd's). ji. scarlet and purple. 1843. A garden 
re between F’. fulgens and F’. globosa. (R. H. ser. ii., vol. ii., 
p. 349.) 
F. triphylla hybrida (hybrid). A garden hybrid between 
F. triphylla and F. corymbifera. 
F. t. superba (superb), Probably a chance hybrid between 
F. triphylla and F. corymbiflora. 
Varieties. For convenience these may be divided into 
classes thus : 
Single-flowered. ABD-EL-KADER, scarlet, corolla plum- 
coloured ; AMBASSADOR, crimson-scarlet, corolla dark purple ; 
AMIE, sepals deep crimson, corolla dark purple ; BLAND’s NEW 
STRIPED, sepals deep scarlet, corolla purple, striped red and 
rose; CECIL GLASS, white and pale pink; CHILWELL Beauty, 
sepals bright red, corolla rich violet-purple, free; C. N. May, 
sepals bright scarlet, corolla dark plum ; COUNTESS OF ABER- 
DEEN, pure white; COVENT GARDEN WHITE, white, purple, and 
crimson; CRIMSON BEDDER, sepals red, corolla Bue with 
foliage of a decided crimson ; DEFIANCE, sepals reddish-crimson, 
corolla violet; DIspLay, sepals bright red, corolla deep rose ; 
Dr. SANKEY, rich ruby Ted and dark glossy foliage; EMPEROR, 
sepals bright red, corolla purple or maroon, excellent for 
baskets or pillars; Farr MAIp, sepals creamy-white, corolla 
carmine; FILLE DE LAIR, sepals bright red, corolla pure white, 
pyramidal habit ; FLOCON DE NEIGE, sepals carmine, corolla pure 
white ; GENERAL ROBERTS, crimson and purple, very tine; HAR- 
LEQUIN, sepals rich carmine, corolla bluish-purple ; LYE’s EXCEL- 
SIOR, sepals white, shaded with magenta, corolla carmine; MARIE 
COMTE, sepals and tube red, corolla deep violet, one of the 
best; MONARCH, tube and sepals bright red, corolla red, shaded 
with violet; Mr. H. Roperts, sepals soft rose, with a deeper 
shade in the corolla; PARACHUTE, sepals bright scarlet, corolla 
violet ; P. RADAELLI, sepals red, corolla violet, striped rose ; 
PRESIDENT, sepals vermilion, corolla deep purple ; PRINCESS 
BEATRICE, tube and sepals pure white, corolla bright pink; 
Rosa BONHEUR, sepals blush-white, corolla rich rose ; SALOPIA, 
sepals crimson, corolla light purple ; SWANLEY GEM, sepals and 
tube scarlet, corolla rose; TOURNEFORT, sepals red, corolla 
white, striped red; TuLip, sepals and tube deep crimson, 
corolla deep purple; WHITE SOUVENIR DE CHISWICK, sepals 
and tube pure white, corolla rosy-pink. 
Double-flowered. AUG. FLAMENG, sepals red, corolla large, | 
purple; AUGUSTIN Harpy, sepals scarlet, corolla violet, fine ; 
