400 
THE DICTIONARY OF GARDENING, 
Gooseberry and Currant Sawflies—continued. 
on. The Sawfly larve are chewing insects, and are there- 
fore best dealt with through their food-plants. As a 
preventive. and in addition to the remedies suggested, 
the old soil about the bushes should be replaced by new, 
the former being deeply buried or burnt. 
GOOSEBERRY CLUSTER CUPS. This is a 
well-marked fungus found upon Gooseberries, and is the 
ALcidium-stage of Puccinia Pringsheimiana. See Goose- 
berry Fungi. 
GOOSEBERRY FUNGI. Of recent years several 
species of Fungi have proved troublesome to the Goose- 
berry cultivator. The more important are Gooseberry 
Cluster Cups, Gooseberry Mildew, the Wound Fungus 
Plowrightia ribesia, and a species of Polyporus, which 
is sometimes found upon the stems of both Gooseberries 
and Currants: it is an ally of the Tinder Fungus (Fomes 
fomentarius). 
Gooseberry Cluster Cups is but a stage in the life-history 
of Puccinia Pringsheimiana, found upon certain species 
of Carex. The disease is one which is far more prevalent 
than it was a few years ago, and seems to be spreading. 
Wet weather is favourable to its development. The 
Cluster Cups are found upon orange-red patches, and when 
mature are filled with similarly-coloured spores. When 
viewed under the compound microscope, the Cluster Cups 
will be seen to have cut edges. They are found in late 
spring, and where Gooseberries are largely cultivated the 
disease may prove yery injurious. When once attacked 
there is no known cure; on preventive measures should 
the gardener rely. These may consist in removing and 
burning the infested berries and leaves, and spraying 
with Bordeaux Mixture early in the next season. The 
disease, however, is one readily disseminated if the 
sedges on which the teleutospores are produced remain 
undiscovered. 
Of Gooseberry Mildew there are two distinct kinds, 
one of which, Sphxrotheca mors-Uve, is very destructive 
in the United States. This attacks both leaves and 
young frnits, enveloping them with a cobweb-like mildew, 
and finally with a fine white powder. The leaves ‘‘ yellow” 
and die, and the fruits fail to grow. Im the United 
States many fungicides have been employed, but none 
so effectively as potassium sulphide (loz. to 3 gallons 
of water). The first application shonld be made just 
as the buds are bursting, and two others should follow 
at intervals of eleven days. This treatment Mr. Close, of 
the New York Agricultural Experiment Station, found 
eminently satisfactory. 
The other species of Gooseberry Mildew (Microsphera 
grossulariz) is common in this country, but is confined to 
the foliage, which is covered with a whitish powder. 
The treatment recommended for Sphwrotheca mors-Uve 
will be equally suited to this. 
Plowrightia (Scleroderris) ribesia is not confined to 
Gooseberries, but may also be found upon both Black 
and Red Currants. It is a Wound Fungus, characterised 
by black crusts, or stroma, which burst through the 
bark. To Mr. Massee, of Kew, belongs the credit of 
determining its parasitic nature, for even as recently as 
Professor Smith’s translation of Tubcenf’s work it is 
described as ‘‘a common species on twigs of Red and 
Black Currant, but whether parasitic or not is unknown.” 
Mr. Massee also publishes in the ‘‘ Gardeners’ Chronicle” 
an excellent drawing of the Fungus on both Currant and 
Gooseberry, showing the large black warts on the 
stems, and also a section through a Fungus illustrating 
the flask-shaped perithecia which are produced later. 
Polyporus ibis is found on the Gooseberry and its 
allies the Black and the Red Cnrrant, but only on old 
and practically worthless trees, which shonld be dug up 
and burned. See Polyporus, Vol. III. 
GOOSEBERRY MILDEW. ‘Se 
Fungi. 
GOOSEBERRY MITE (Bryobia pretiosa). A very 
common pest, but one frequently mistaken for Red Spider. 
It swarms upon both Gooseberries and Currants, and 
is most troublesome in yery dry seasons, and especially 
in those gardens where Ivy is grown as a wall-plant. 
Like Mites generally, this Bryobia has eight legs when 
mature, but the front pair on the members of this genus 
are of unusual length. The Mites in colour vary from 
Gooseberry 
Gooseberry Mite—continued. 
bright red to reddish-brown. They appear in early spring, 
and cause the young foliage to present a sickly appearance, 
and eventually to be shed prematurely. They cluster npon 
the under-surface of the leaves, and spin a web, but 
during bright weather may be found upon the upper 
surfaces. The best remedy to apply is weak Kerosene 
Emulsion. 
GOOSEBERRY OR MAGPIE MOTH (Abraras 
grossulariata). This conspicnously-coloured Moth, and its 
Fic. 421. GoosEBERRY MoTH, Larva, AND PUPA. 
s 
larva and pupa (Fig. 421) are not likely to be mistaken 
for anything else. Though the caterpillars feed for a 
time in late summer, yet it is after hibernating that they 
are most destructive to Currants and Gooseberries. So 
conspicuous, however, are the larvye that where only 
small gardens are concerned hand-picking should suffice. 
In other cases the remedies suggested for Gooseberry and 
Currant Sawflies will answer, combined with keeping the 
trees ie from dead leaves and the ground beneath from 
rubbish. , 
GOOSEBERRY SCALE (Lecanium ribis). This is 
a red-brown Scale occurring in sufficient numbers upon 
Currants and Gooseberries to be constituted a pest, though 
at present not widely dispersed. The insects are donble- 
brooded, the eggs of the later brood not hatching ont 
until early spring of the following season. As it is prac- 
tically useless to attempt to deal with Scale except when 
the larve are on the move, the cultivator should periodically 
examine his bushes. Once the ‘“‘Scale’’ has hardened, 
nothing short of removal by means of a stiff brush will 
suffice. Weak Kerosene Emulsion, however, if sprayed on 
when the larye are moving freely, will destroy large 
numbers; while hot water of 140deg. Fahr. will also effec- 
tnally oust the pests at the stage named. 
GORDONIA includes Lacathea, the correct name of 
L. florida being G. pubescens. 
GORTERIA (named in hononr of David Gorter, a 
Dutch botanist and author of a ‘*‘Flora Belgica”). Syn. 
Personaria. Orv. Composite. A small genus (four 
species) of half-hardy, diffuse, Sonth African annuals, 
allied to Gazania. G. personata has been introduced, but 
is probably no longer grown in this country. One or 
two species formerly included here are now referred to 
Gazania. G. acaulis is a garden name for Haplocarpha 
Leichtlinii. 
GORTERIA (of La Marck). 
heya (which see). 
GOSSYPIUM. The species are distributed over the 
tropics of the Old and New Worlds. To those described 
on p. 85, Vol. II., the following should be added: 
G. arboreum (tree-like). 7. purple, rarely white; petals 
spreading. July. 7. nearly glabrous, deeply palmately five- to 
seven-lobed ; lobes linear-oblong, mucronate. Plains of India, 
1694. A stove shrub or low tree, rarely herbaceous. 
G. Comesii (Comes’). 7. yellow, with a blood-red spot at the 
base of the petals. 7. three- to five-lobed. 1889. Probably a 
variety of G. herbaceum. SYN. G. indicum Comesii. 
G. indicum (Indian). A synonym of G. herbaceum. 
G. Kirkii (Kirk's). #. yellow-eyed; peduncles articulated in 
the middle. JZ. stellate-pilose above, glandular-velvety below, 
broadly ovate, acute, cordate at base, palmately five-lobed ; 
petioles longer than the leaves. Eastern tropical Africa, 1881. 
A synonym of Berk- 
