402 
THE DICTIONARY OF GARDENING, 
GRAMMITIS CETERACH. A synonym of Asple- 
nium bulbiferum (which see). 
GRANGERIA (named.in hononr of N. Granger, a 
traveller in Egypt and Persia). Orp. Rosacex. A small 
genus (three species) of small, stove trees, natives of 
Madagascar and Manritins, and scarcely distinct from 
Moquilea. G. borbonica (Syn. G. buwifolia) has been intro- 
duced, but is of no horticultural value. 
GRAPE ANTHRACNOSE. See Grape Rot. 
GRAPE FLOWER VINE. See Wistaria. 
GRAPE OR VINE LOUSE (Phyllovera vastatriz). 
By way of a preventive measure against this pest, some 
interesting experiments have been conducted in France in 
connection with Vine cuttings, and it is simplicity itself. 
According to the ‘‘ Revue Horticole,” both the insect and 
its eggs may be destroyed by placing the Vine shoots 
intended for propagation purposes in water having a 
temperature of from 40deg. to 50deg. Cent. (104deg. to 
122deg. Fahr.). It has been found that the shoots may 
be kept for ten minutes in water of that temperature, or 
for five minutes in water at 53deg. Cent. This precautionary 
measure is recommended for all purchased Vines before 
planting them. 
In the principal wine-growing districts, grafting upon 
American stocks, as suggested in Vol. II., has proyed very 
successful. 
An insecticide which has been employed with more or 
less success for the root-feeding insects is bisulphide of 
carbon, a most inflammable preparation, and one needing 
the greatest care in its application. The liquid is injected 
into the soil with a special kind of syringe made by 
Vermorel. About one-third of an ounce is required for every 
square yard, the preparation penetrating the soil to a depth 
of from 4in. to 6in. in the case of an average soil, and 
deeper in heavy ones. No injury to the roots is caused 
if the bisulphide of carbon be used when the Vines are 
at rest. Several applications may be necessary, as, 
thongh fatal in the case of the perfect insects, the eggs 
are unaffected. 
GRAPE ROT, or BIRD’S-EYE ROT (Gilco- 
sporium ampelophagum). This very distinctive disease is 
often most destructive upon the Continent of Europe, as 
well as in America, and it is not altogether unknown here. 
In America it is called Grape Anthracnose, and is some- 
times known scientifically as Sphaceloma ampelinwm. 
Leaves, shoots, and frnits are all involved, and the spots 
characteristic of the disease usually manifest themselves 
in late spring. The spots on the fruit are remarkable, 
being cirenlar or somewhat irregular as to form, greyish, 
with brown margins, and surrounded by a vermilion-red 
ring. This combination has given rise to the popular 
name of Bird’s-Eye Rot. 
Unless efforts are made to control the disease, it spreads 
yery quickly, inyolying the loss of the crop. Equal parts 
flowers of sulphur and lime have been found useful. This 
is all that may be done with safety while the Vines are 
active. When at rest, washing them with iron sulphate 
6lb. and water 1l4gals. has been fonnd most effectual in 
those countries in which the disease is most prevalent. 
Other diseases of Grapes will be found under Black 
Rot of Vines and Vine image in the present volume, 
and in Vol. IV. under the latter heading. 
GRAPHOLITHA BOTRANA. See Vine Moths. 
GRAPTOPHYLLUM. To the species described on 
p. 94, Vol. II., the following should be added : 
G. pictum (painted). A synonym of G. hortense. The name 
G. picturatum has been given to a large-leaved form of this 
well-known species, 1895. 
GRASSES FOR LAWNS. All the leading seeds- 
men sell mixtures of Lawn Grass seed suited to either heavy 
or light soils, as well as for town gardens. The following 
Grasses for Lawns are recommended by Messrs. Sutton 
and Sons, Reading: Cynosurus cristatus is especially 
advised for all soils, as it will thrive almost everywhere ; 
Festuca duriuscula is excellent on all soils except wet ones; 
Festuca ovina tenuifolia is indispensable on all soils; 
Festuca rubra is one of the best Grasses for dry soil; 
Lolium perenne Suttoni is not so coarse as other varieties 
of Rye Grass, and is first-rate for covering the soil rapidly ; 
Poa pratensis is useful for light, rich soils, and Poa trivialis 
Grasses for Lawns—continued. 
succeeds best in moist situations—it is one of the best 
Grasses for sowing under trees ; Poa nemoralis sempervirens 
is one of the prettiest and best Lawn Grasses, and will grow 
almost anywhere. All Lawn Grass seeds should be sown 
thickly, and protected from birds by netting until they 
haye well germinated. Four bushels of seed per acre is 
considered a fair quantity. 
GRASS MOTH. See Antler Moth. 
GRASS OF PARNASSUS. See 
palustris. 
GRASS-TREE, or GRASS GUM-TREE. ‘Se 
Xanthorrhea. 
GRATIOLA. 
imbricated ; 
included. 
G. tetragona (four-angled). A synonym of Stemodia lobelioides. 
GRAVEL. This differs considerably in textare, some 
binding and making a firm walk in all weathers, while 
others absolutely refuse to bind in dry weather. In 
making new walks it is desirable to procure Gravel from 
such sources as are known to set firm in all seasons. 
Gravel may be kept very bright and clean in appearance 
by means of any of the weed-killers on the market, applied 
in April or May, and when the weather is dry. If the 
makers’ directions are followed out, no weeds will be seen 
for the rest of the year. 
GRAVEL WALKS. See Walks. 
GRAYIA (in honour of Dr. Asa Gray, a celebrated 
American botanist, for many years Professor of Botany 
at Harvard University). Orb. Chenopodiacer. A small 
genns (two species) of rigid, erect, branched, hardy shrubs, 
closely allied to Atriplex, natives of North-west America. 
Male flowers minute, glomerate, axillary, pedicellate; 
females racemose. Fruit large for the size of the plant, 
pendulous. Leaves alternate, sessile, linear, obovate, or 
spathulate, obtuse, entire, rather fleshy. Only one species 
has been introduced. It is a small bush, thriving in any 
fairly rich soil, and may be increased by seeds or by 
cuttings. 
G. polygaloides (Milkwort-like). jr. rose-coloured, com- 
ressed ; calyx (in fruit) nearly sin. long. J. six to ten lines 
ong, ascending, oblong-lanceolate or obovate, cuneate at base. 
Stem erect; branches ascending or divaricate, spiny at apex. 
California, 1894. Syn. G. spinosa. 
G. spinosa (spiny). A synonym of G. folygaloides, 
GREASE-BANDING. A method of encircling 
tree-trunks with bands covered with a sticky substance, 
to prevent wingless females of Moths from reaching the 
upper portion for purposes of egg-laying. See Winter 
Moths. 
GREAT OXEYE. See Pyrethrum uliginosum. 
GREAT SPEARWORT. ‘Se Ranunculus 
Lingua. 
GREAT TORTOISESHELL. See Vanessa. 
7 GREEK VALERIAN. See Polymonium czeru- 
eum. 
GREEN CHAFER. See Rosechafer, Vol. III. 
GREENHOUSE. As this structure shonld be as 
light and airy as possible, it is best to employ plenty of 
iron-work, haying no large heavy wooden rafters or sash- 
bars to obstrnet the light. This mode of construction is 
expensive at first, but will be found cheaper and more 
durable than wood in the end. When wood is used, teak 
will be found most serviceable. 
The house should only be of moderate height—abont 12ft. 
—and have a lantern about 2ft. wide, rising 24ft. higher 
at the top, making the actual height in the centre 144ft. 
The width may vary according to convenience, but 16ft. 
will be suitable. There shonld be shelves 3ft. wide at the 
sides, 24ft. paths on each side, and a central bed 5ft. wide. 
The height of the sides may be 6ft., half being glass, 
resting on a wall 3ft. from the ground. 
The side shelves or stages should come to within 6in. 
of the top of the wall. They are best made of slate with 
a few holes bored in about 18in. apart, and having a raised 
rim all round the edge. These should be filled with well- 
washed small gravel stones, Wooden shelves are not to 
Parnassia 
Calyx five-parted, with the segments 
pedicels axillary, solitary; stamens two, 
