406 
GROUND BEETLES. A popular name for the 
very large family Carabidw#, several of whose members 
are amongst the commonest and most useful of our 
native garden Beetles. Familiar species are Carabus 
nemoralis, C. violaceus, and C. monilis, all of which are 
found in gardens. To this family also belongs the 
beautiful C. auratus, which upon the Continent is so 
instrnmental in keeping at bay the destructive Cock- 
chafers, whose grabs they devour. Althongh several times 
recorded in England, this bright green, golden-sheened 
Beetle cannot fairly be claimed as indigenous. See 
Beetles. 
GROUND CISTUS. See Rhodothamnus 
Chamecistus. 
GROUND-HELE. See Veronica officinalis. 
GROUND HEMLOCK. See Taxus canadensis. 
GROUND NUT. See Apios tuberosa. 
GROUND RATTAN CANE. See 
flabelliformis. 
GROVE. A quantity of trees planted with a view to 
effect, and with no undergrowth in the form of bushes, &c., 
is a Grove. When the trees are well developed, with a 
carpet of grass underneath, a Grove is one of the most 
charming retreats during the summer and autumn. 
GRUB. A popular name bestowed upon the larve of 
insects, but more especially those of Beetles. 
GRYLLIDZ, or CRICKETS. Sce Crickets, in 
Vol. I.; and Acheta, in present volume. 
GUAGNEBINA. A synonym of Manettia (which 
Rhapis 
see). 
GUAPEBA. A synonym of Lucuma (which see). 
GUATTERIA. See also Polyalthia, the species 
of which are sometimes classed under Guatteria. 
GUAVA. The fruits of Psidium Guava and P. Catiley- 
anum ave known in commerce by this name. They are 
edible and astringent. 
GUETTARDA.§ G. lucida and G. tomentosa are 
described under Stenostomum, which is now included 
by botanists under Antirrhea. 
GUEVINA. According to the latest authorities, 
Gevuina is the correct spelling. 
GUEVINA AVELLANA. A name given in Italian 
gardens to Eleodendron spherophyllum pubescens 
(which see). 
GUINEA PLUM. See Parinarium excelsum. 
GUINEA WHEAT. Sve Zea Mays. 
GUIZOTIA OLEIFERA. 
Veslingia sativa (which see). 
GULDENSTZDTIA. A synonym of Eurotia 
(which see). 
GULUBIA COSTATA. According to the “Index 
Kewensis,’’ this is the correct name of Kentia costata 
(which see). 
GUM. A product of secretion, obtained from the sap 
of many plants. 
GUM ARABIC. Sce Acacia arabica and A. vera. 
GUM SENEGAL. See Acacia Senegal. 
GUM-TREE, CAPE. See Widdringtonia juni- 
peroides. 
GUMIRA. A synonym of Premna (which see). 
GUMMING, or GUMMOSIS. The origin of this 
condition usnally associated with Vines, and popularly 
known as Gumming, has never been satisfactorily deter- 
mined. As stated in Vol. IL., by some it is ascribed toa 
species of Corynewm; while by others it is thought to be 
brought about by errors in cultivation at pruning time. 
Mr. W. G. Smith, in an interesting contribution to the 
““Gardener’s Chronicle’’ on certain obscure diseases of 
Vines, says that ‘‘Gumming”’ is an excessive formation of 
gummy substances fonnd in every Vine. . 
In the “Kew Bulletin” for 1899, Mr. Massee refers to 
the fact of many specimens of Prunus japonica being 
killed at Kew by a disease which agreed in character with 
The correct name of 
THE DICTIONARY OF GARDENING, 
Gumming, or Gummosis—continued. 
what is known as Gummosis. The substance which oozed 
ont consisted of almost colourless drops of gum; these 
sometimes coalesced, forming irregularly-shaped masses, 
which when removed disclosed a large wound. The fungus 
in this case responsible for the mischief Mr. Massee names 
Cladosporium epiphyllum, and considers that this is the 
first time that the disease has been directly proved to be 
due to afungns. He advocates resorting to collar-praning 
and replacing the soil under the shrub with fresh, and 
also providing a layer of quicklime. 
GUNDELSHEIMERA. A synonym of Gundelia 
(which see). 
GUNNERA. Prickly Rhubarb. In addition to the 
species described on p. 102, Vol. I1., G. brephogea (I. H. 
1872, t. 111), a Colombian species, and G. insignis, from 
Chili, have been introduced to European gardens. 
G. chilensis (Chilian). The correct name of G. scabra. 
GUNNIA. Included under Sarcochilus (which see). 
GUSTAVIA. G. superba is the correct name of 
G. insignis. G. brasiliensis and G. Theophrasta have 
also been introduced to Continental gardens. 
GUTIERREZIA. The following species is a hardy, 
suffrnticose plant, thriving in dry soil. It may be in- 
creased by seeds or by divisions. 
G. Euthamiz (Euthamia-like). /.-heads golden-yellow, small, 
profusely disposed in a compound, fastigiate, contracted 
corymb. J. crowded, narrow-linear, acute, slightly scabrous. 
Western United States, 1896. 
GUTTA-GUM TREE. See Vismia guianensis. 
GUTTATE. Covered with small dots, as if sprinkled. — 
GUZMANIA. Sepals shortly connate at base; corolla 
gamopetalons, with oblong segments much shorter than 
the cylindrical tube. Capsule, leaves, and habit as in 
Tillandsia. Other species formerly included here are 
now classed under Aschmea, Caraguata, Karatas, 
Tillandsia, &c. (which see). 
G. Bulliana (Bull's). A synonym of Caraguata angustifolia. 
G. Devansayana. The correct name is Caraguata Devansayana. 
G. fragrans. A variety of G. tricolor. The name has also 
been applied to “chmea eburnea. 
G. Melinoki (Mélinok’s). A synonym of Caraguata Melinonis. 
G. tricolor. The following are fine garden varieties : erythro- 
cephala, fragrans, grandis, maculata, and Sallieri (the tirst- 
named said to have a spike 10in. in circumference). 
GYAS. A synonym of Bletia (which see). 
GYMNANTHUS. A synonym of Trochodendron 
(which see). 
GYMNEMA. Cymes clustered or umbel-like, often 
cer from the base, sessile or shortly pedunculate in an 
axil. 
G. tenacissima (very tenacious). A synonym of Marsdenia 
tenacissima. 
GYMNOCLADUS. Another species has been added 
to this formerly monotypic genus, described on p. 103, 
Vol. Il. Flowers whitish, in terminal, simple racemes 
or raceme-like thyrses. Pods sessile, oblong, sub-falcate, 
thick, turgid, or sub-terete, two-valved, containing pulp 
between the seeds. Leaves bipinnate; leaflets ovate, 
membranons. 
G. chinensis (Chinese). Soap-tree. jl. inconspicuous, in short 
racemes. Jr. Sin. to 4in. long, very thick, containing a soft 
substance, used by the Chinese women for washing the face. 
Z. large; pinne having numerous oblong, obtuse leaflets. 
China, 1899. 
GYMNODISCUS (from gymmnos, naked, and diskos, 
a disk ; the disk florets haye no pappus). Orb. Composite. 
A small genus (two species) of half-hardy, South African 
annuals, allied to Othonna. G. capillaris has been intro- 
duced, but is probably not now in cultivation. 
GYMNOGRAMME. Including Ceropteris, Lepto- 
gramme, and Syngramme. 
CuiturE. This very popular genus is remarkable: for 
the attractive character of many of its species and varieties, 
and for the easy mode of cultivation under which some of 
the more robust kinds thrive. The Gymnogrammes form 
